题名

具有公部門特質的社會企業─非營利幼兒園的經驗分析與理論意涵

并列篇名

Public-Sector Social Enterprise: Analysis of Nonprofit Preschools in Taiwan

DOI

10.6265/TJSW.202306_19(1).03

作者

官有垣(Yu-Yuan Kuan);王兆慶(Chao-Ching Wang);杜承嶸(Cherng-Rong Duh)

关键词

非營利幼兒園 ; 具有公部門特質的社會企業 ; 公共化 ; 新社會投資 ; NPO Preschool ; Public-Sector Social Enterprise (PSE) ; Publicization ; New Social Investment

期刊名称

臺灣社會福利學刊

卷期/出版年月

19卷1期(2023 / 06 / 01)

页次

69 - 105

内容语文

繁體中文;英文

中文摘要

為挽救不斷下滑的生育率以及減輕幼兒的托育負擔,臺灣與其他東亞國家如日本與韓國一樣,積極推出各種幼兒的托育政策。政府在2011年通過《幼兒教育及照顧法》的立法,將「非營利幼兒園」正式明列為公立幼兒園、私立幼兒園之外的第三類幼托機構。在此立法基礎下,中央政府在2014年編列了四年80億元於全臺各地增設300家非營利幼兒園,增加約三萬名幼兒的入學名額。非營利幼兒園計畫的實施,基本上,它是由政府完全無償提供場地、設備,免租金,部分營運成本,並保證出資至少三成,剩下的由NPO經營者直接向家長收費。社會企業文獻中,近年來出現「具有公部門特質的社會企業」(Public-Sector Social Enterprise,簡稱PSE)的相關研究。就PSE而言,十分強調是由政府主導推動的社會企業組織。以歐洲為例,這是為了公共服務提供的「外部化」(externalization),或是以「準市場」(quasi-market)的框架提供社會服務。若將臺灣非營利幼兒園與歐洲學者所提出來的「具有公部門運作特質的社會企業模式」(PSE)的內涵相比較,有頗多相似的特徵,但也有其差異性。無論是在理論或實踐上,臺灣似乎出現了一個所謂歐陸的PSE之另一特定「模式」─「臺灣模式的PSE」。本研究欲詮釋非營利幼兒園作為「臺灣模式的PSE」的潛在意義,以及臺灣PSE實踐的組織特質與特殊性(uniqueness)。臺灣非營利幼兒園的出現,揭示的不只是臺灣也存在PSE這類型的社會企業,也彰顯了臺灣作為東亞福利國家針對婦女、幼兒照顧政策的「新」社會投資的一種動態發展。

英文摘要

Nonprofit preschools have become a prominent presence in Taiwan's early childhood care and education sector. Taiwan's Ministry of Education has designated NT$8 billion (US$268.8 million) for a 4-year plan to establish 300 nonprofit preschools and enroll 30,000 additional preschoolers nationwide. Implementing the nonprofit organization (NPO) preschool policy requires extensive collaboration between NPOs and government agencies. Both the land and equipment for NPO preschools are provided free of charge by the government, which bears 30% of the annual operation cost. A literature on public-sector social enterprises (PSEs) has emerged in Europe. Various public sectors have established PSEs due to the benefits of externalizing public social services and provisioning services in the quasi-market framework. Taiwanese nonprofit preschools are not public preschools in the conventional sense but rather a form of PSE. This study assesses why NPO preschools in Taiwan have emerged with a PSE model to further enrich the study of PSE development in the context of welfare systems in East Asia.

主题分类 社會科學 > 社會學
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