Promoting Physical Activity Among Taiwanese and American Adolescents

台灣與美國青少年身體活動促進因素之比較

吳姿瑩(Tsu-Yin Wu)；Nola PenDer；楊克平(Ke-Ping Yang)

身體活動 ； 青少年 ； 健康促進 ； physical activity ； adolescent ； health promotion

The Journal of Nursing Research

10卷1期（2002 / 03 / 01）

57 - 64

英文

本研究之目的在比較並分析美國及台灣兩地青少年身體活動程度決定因素之差異性。Pender之健康促進模式(Health Promotion Model, HPM)提供了此兩地的研究架構(Pender, 1996)。此模式中決定健康促進行爲的最主要因素爲：對活動益處及障礙之認知、自我效能、活動相關之因素、人際間之影響、外在情境、對活動計書的熱衷度、與及時的訴求等。本研究之台灣樣本爲臺北地區的969位國高中(55%男性；45%女性)，而在美國之研究樣本爲286位國小高年級及國高中生(48%男性；52%女性)。結果顯示性別在兩地青少年活動程度上具有差異性；男生之活動程度高於女生。結果亦顯示兩地青少年對身體活動障礙之認知可直接預測其活動程度，台灣青少年則否。台灣青少年對自我效能的認知可直接預測其活動程度，台灣青少年則否。台灣青少年對我交通的認知可直接預測其身體活動程度，而美國青少年卻多受對運動之益處與障礙信念而影響。此外，台灣與美國青少年之人際關係影響的路經亦大相逕庭。本研究發現了重要的及文化相關的訊息，可供未來對各青少年身體活動介入研究的參考。

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the determinants of physical activity among adolescents in Taiwan and in the United States. Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) served as the theoretical framework for both studies (Pender, 1996). The major determinants of health behavior in the HPM are perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, situational influences, commitment to a plan of action, and immediate competing demands. In Taiwan, 969 middle school students (55% males; 45% females) from Taipei provided data for the study. In the United States, the sample was collected from 286 late elementary and middle school students (48% males; 52% females). Results showed the gender differences in activity levels were apparent in the youths from both countries. In both Taiwanese and American youths, boys were more active than girls, Cross-cultural differences iii the importance of barriers to physical activity emerged. Among Taiwanese adolescents, barriers did not emerge as a significant direct predictor of physical activity as they did among US adolescents. Perceived efficacy directly predicted physical activity among Taiwanese youths while it indirectly predicted physical activity and appeared to be mediated by beliefs regarding exercise benefits and barriers among American youths. In addition, the paths of effect for interpersonal influences were different when Taiwanese and US youths were compared. The findings from this paper have important and culturally-relevant information that can inform future physical activity intervention studies with diverse adolescents.

1. Garcia, A. W., George, T. R., Coviak, C., Antonakos, C., Pender, N. J.(1997).Development of the child/ adolescent activity log: A comprehensive and feasible measure of leisure-time physical activity.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,4
2. Garcia, A. W., Norton-Broda, M. A., Frenn, M., Coviak, C., Pender, N. J., Ronis, D.(1995).Gender and developmental differences in exercise beliefs among young and prediction of their exercise behaviors.Journal of School Health,65(6)
3. Garcia, A. W., Pender, N. J., Antonakos, C. L., Ronis, D. L.(1998).Changes in physical activity beliefs and behaviors of boys and girls across the transition to junior high school.Journal of Adolescent Health,22
4. Gordon-Larsen, P., McMurray, R. G., Popkin, B. M.(1999).Adolescent physical activity and inactivity vary by ethnicity: The national longitudinal study of adolescent health.Journal of Pediatrics,135(3)
5. Pender, N. J.(1996).Health Promotion In Nursing Practice.Norwalk, CT:Appleton-Century-Crofts.
6. Pender, N. J.(2001).Health Promotion In Nursing Practice.Stanford, CT:Appleton ＆ Lange.
7. Rekers, G. A., Sanders, J. A., Rasbury, W. C., Strauss, C. C., Morey, S. M.(1990).Differentiation of adolescent activity participation.Journal of Genetic Psychology,150(3)
8. Riddoch, C.(1998).Young and Active? Young People and Health-Enhancing Physical Activity: Evidence and Implications.London:New Education Authority.
9. Sallis, J. F., Zakarian, J. M., Hovell, M. F., Hofstetter, C. R.(1996).Ethnic, socioeconomic, and sex differences in physical activity among adolescents.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,49(2)
10. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services(2000).Healthy People 2010.Washington, DC:U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
11. 吳姿瑩 Wu, Tsu-Yin, Pender, N. J.(2002).Determinants of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: An application of the Health Promotion Model.Research in Nursing ＆ Health,25(1)
12. 吳姿瑩 Wu, Tsu-Yin, Pender, N. J., Noureddine, S.(2003).Gender differences in the psychosocial and cognitive correlates of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: A structural equation modeling approach.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,10(2)

1. 郭緒東、汪在莒(2010)。大學新生自覺憂鬱程度、運動認知預期與健康生活品質之結構模式驗證。逢甲人文社會學報，21，93-116。
2. 劉翠薇、黃淑貞、洪文綺、李秋娓(2005)。青少女運動行爲探討—焦點團體訪談法之應用。衛生教育學報，23，39-68。
3. 劉翠薇、黃淑貞、洪文綺、李秋娓(2006)。臺灣北部三所國立大學一年級女生運動分期行為研究。師大學報：教育類，51(2)，25-43。
4. 潘義祥、劉季諺、王明月(2010)。性別差異對運動精進信念與涉入傾向之影響研究。運動與遊憩研究，5(2)，116-123。
5. 葉子明、陳勝勇、張英智(2016)。高中職女學生休閒運動參與動機與休閒效益之研究。運動休閒餐旅研究，11(4)，1-28。