Zeitgeists and Development Trends in Long-Term Care Facility Design

長期照護機構規劃設計之思潮與發展趨勢

王佳惠(Chia-Hui Wang)；郭乃文(Nai-Wen Kuo)

長期照護機構規劃設計 ； 長期照護 ； 福祉建築 ； 德爾菲法 ； long-term care facility design ； long-term care ； healthcare architecture ； Delphi survey

The Journal of Nursing Research

14卷2期（2006 / 06 / 01）

123 - 132

英文

本研究在於透過文獻分析、德爾菲法、與深度訪談等研究方法以達成下列三項目的：一、自長期照護機構住民生理與心理之角度，探討住民對於長期照護機構設計之需求；二、釐清長期照護觀念之演變及其對於長期照護機構設計之影響；三、歸納長期照護機構設計之思潮與發展趨勢。德爾菲法之結果顯示，專家認為在長期照護構設計上應考量之優先次序如下：創造如居家之氛圍、遵守「全面性考量」之設計原則、提供具私密性之就寢區域、提供足夠之社交空間、與建構生活簇群等。綜觀現代長期照護機構設計之演進，可歸納出長期照護機構設計思潮之三大趨勢：一、由醫療機構屬性逐漸轉變為「去醫院化」之「長期照護機構居所化」概念；二、由機構照護逐漸轉變為「去機構化」之「在地安老」概念；三、由監管式照護型態性逐漸轉變為「人性化照護」之「生活簇群建構」概念。

Through literature analysis, in-depth inter views, and the application of the Delphi survey, this study explored long-term care resident priori ties with regard to long-term care facility design in terms of both physical and psychological needs. This study further clarified changing trends in long-term care concepts; illustrated the impact that such changes are having on long-term care facility design; and summarized zeitgeists related to the architectural design of long-term care facilities. Results of our Delphi survey indicated the following top five priorities in long-term care facility design: (1) creating a home-like feeling; (2) adhering to Universal Design concepts; (3) pro viding well-defined private sleeping areas; (4) pro viding adequate social space; and (5) decentralizing residents' rooms into clusters. The three major zeitgeists related to long-term care facility design include: (1) modern long-term care facilities should abandon their traditional ”hospital” image and gradually reposition facilities into home like set tings; (2) institution-based care for the elderly should be de-institutionalized under the concept of aging-in-place; and (3) living clusters, rather than traditional hospital-like wards, should be designed into long-term care facilities.

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