Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Nurses

護理人員肌肉骨骼不適的危險因子

侯瑞葉(Jui-Yeh Hou)；蕭淑銖(Judith Shu-Chu Shiao)

肌肉骨骼不適 ； 職業疾病 ； 護理人員 ； musculoskeletal discomfort ； occupational disease ； nurses

The Journal of Nursing Research

14卷3期（2006 / 09 / 01）

228 - 236

英文

國際間之研究顯示，肌肉骨骼不適常見於各職業族群（包括護理人員在內），但在台灣針對護理人員肌肉骨骼疾病盛行率與發生原因的相關研究並不多見。為了解台灣護理人員肌肉骨骼不適的部位、原因及盛行率，我們進行一項橫斷性研究並以自填式問卷進行資料的蒐集。總共有5,269位(93%)護理人員完成有效問卷，且出現肌肉骨骼不適的人相當多。最容易發生肌肉骨骼疼痛的部位為下背部、腿、肩膀和脖子；若以「行動受限」為肌骨骨骼不適之嚴重度的指標，最常發生的部位依序為下背、肩膀、腿和手腕；麻木則最常發生在腿、手、大腿和下背等部位。造成頸肩疼痛的危險因子包含彎腰及扭腰；下背痛則是因長期站立、彎腰、和提重物所致；腿部的肌骨疼痛則是因為長期站立和提重物所造成的。肌肉骨骼不適在受訪之護理人員中有很高的盛行率(91.6%)，且疼痛部位與工作內容有關。我們認為有必要更進一步地瞭解工作環境中可能引起肌肉骨骼不適的人體工學因素以為防範之據。

Although musculoskeletal problems are commonly reported among the working population, including nurses, the prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal discomfort in nurses have not been extensively studied in Taiwan. To understand the risk factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in different body parts among nurses in Taiwan, we performed a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data. A total of 5,269 (93%) nurses completed the questionnaire survey. Musculoskeletal discomfort was found to be prevalent in this group. In terms of location, the lower back was the most commonly reported site of discomfort, followed by lower legs, shoulders and neck. Considering limitation of motion as an indicator of musculoskeletal discomfort severity, the highest levels of prevalence were reported, respectively, in the lower back, shoulder, lower leg, and wrist. Numbness was most commonly reported in lower legs, hands, thighs, and lower back. Risk factors for pain in shoulders/neck included waist-bending and waist-twisting, while those for lower back pain included duration of standing, waist-bending, and weight-lifting. Risk factors for lower leg pain included duration of standing and weight-lifting. Musculoskeletal discomfort was prevalent among nurses (91.6%). Pain in different body parts was related to different ergonomic risk factors while at work, namely, bending and twisting of the waist, and standing for extended periods of time. The development and testing of interventions to minimize these risk factors is warranted in future studies.

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