Effects of Single-Hole and Cross-Cut Nipple Units on Feeding Efficiency and Physiological Parameters in Premature Infants

比較圓型及十字奶嘴對早產兒餵食成效及生理指標之影響

張瑩如(Ying-Ju Chang)；林君萍(Chun-Ping Lin)；林毓志(Yuh-Jyh Lin)；林其和(Chyi-Her Lin)

圓孔奶嘴 ； 十字奶嘴 ； 早產兒 ； 餵食 ； 生理指標 ； single-hole nipple ； cross-cut nipple ； premature infants ； feeding ； physiological parameter

The Journal of Nursing Research

15卷3期（2007 / 09 / 01）

215 - 223

英文

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of total milk intake, feeding time, sucking efficiency, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of premature infants when fed with either signal-hole or cross-cut nipple units. Twenty stable infants admitted to a level Ⅱ nursery in a tertiary care center with gestational ages averaging 32.2 ± 3.2 wks were enrolled. Subjects had an average postmenstrual age of 34.1±1.6 wks, and average body weight of 1996±112 gm. A crossover design was used and infants were observed for two consecutive meals separated by a four-hour interval. They were bottle fed with equal feeding amounts using a single-hole and cross-cut nipple administered in random order. Results showed that infants fed with single-hole nipple units took more milk (57.5±8.3 ml vs. 51.6±9.5 ml, p=.011), had a shorter feeding time per meal (11.5±4.9 min vs. 20.9±5.0 min, p＜.001), and sucked more efficiently (5.8±2.5 ml/min vs. 2.7±1.0 ml/min, p＜.001) compared to those fed through cross-cut nipples. Infants using cross-cut nipple units had a higher RR (44.4±4.6 breaths/minutes vs. 40.8±4.9 breaths/minutes, p=.002) and SpO2 (96.1±1.4% vs. 94.6±3.2%, p=.044) than those using single-hole nipples. Oxygen desaturation (SpO2 ＜ 90% and lasting for longer than 20 sec) and bradycardia were not recorded in either group of infants during feeding. Compared to using cross-cut nipple units, premature infants using single-hole nipple units take more milk and tend to tolerate feedings better. A single-hole nipple may be a choice for physiologically stable bottle-fed premature infants.

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of total milk intake, feeding time, sucking efficiency, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of premature infants when fed with either signal-hole or cross-cut nipple units. Twenty stable infants admitted to a level Ⅱ nursery in a tertiary care center with gestational ages averaging 32.2 ± 3.2 wks were enrolled. Subjects had an average postmenstrual age of 34.1±1.6 wks, and average body weight of 1996±112 gm. A crossover design was used and infants were observed for two consecutive meals separated by a four-hour interval. They were bottle fed with equal feeding amounts using a single-hole and cross-cut nipple administered in random order. Results showed that infants fed with single-hole nipple units took more milk (57.5±8.3 ml vs. 51.6±9.5 ml, p=.011), had a shorter feeding time per meal (11.5±4.9 min vs. 20.9±5.0 min, p＜.001), and sucked more efficiently (5.8±2.5 ml/min vs. 2.7±1.0 ml/min, p＜.001) compared to those fed through cross-cut nipples. Infants using cross-cut nipple units had a higher RR (44.4±4.6 breaths/minutes vs. 40.8±4.9 breaths/minutes, p=.002) and SpO2 (96.1±1.4% vs. 94.6±3.2%, p=.044) than those using single-hole nipples. Oxygen desaturation (SpO2 ＜ 90% and lasting for longer than 20 sec) and bradycardia were not recorded in either group of infants during feeding. Compared to using cross-cut nipple units, premature infants using single-hole nipple units take more milk and tend to tolerate feedings better. A single-hole nipple may be a choice for physiologically stable bottle-fed premature infants.

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1. 張文娟、林久惠(2016)。親餵與瓶餵對早產兒生理指標的影響－以南部某醫學中心為例。榮總護理，33(1)，67-76。