Comparing Knowledge, Health Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy toward Hepatitis B Prevention among University Students with Different Hepatitis B Virus Infectious Statuses

比較不同帶原狀況大學生在B型肝炎預防知識、健康信念與自我效能之差異

王文玲(Wen-Ling Wang)；王琪珍(Chi-Jen Wang)；曾弘富(Hung-Fu Tseng)

B型肝炎病毒 ； 知識 ； 健康信念 ； 自我效能 ； 大學生 ； hepatitis B virus ； knowledge ； health beliefs ； self-efficacy ； university students

The Journal of Nursing Research

17卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

10 - 19

英文

B型肝炎帶原者不僅有將病毒傳染他人的危險，更是罹患肝硬化及肝癌的高危險群。本研究目的在檢測不同帶原狀況的大學生，在B型肝炎預防之知識、健康信念與自我效能上的差異。採比較性敘述研究法，以南台灣某大學2003年大二到大四所有學生為母群體，將學生依其B型肝炎帶原狀況分組後再隨機分層抽樣，採網路問卷方式，經SPSS Data Entry 3.0收集資料，回收率39.9%。共收免疫組學生(HBsAg-/HBsAb+)109位、帶原組(HBsAg+/HBsAb-)106位和易感組(HBsAg-/HBsAb-)113位。結果顯示研究對象多視B型肝炎帶原為社會烙印。約24%帶原者和19%易感組不知自己的帶原狀況。與其他二組相較，帶原者較不願為健康而改變自己的生活型態。有三分之二強的易感組同意他們目前的行為有感染B肝的危險，但僅一半的學生會擔心成為帶原者。本研究顯示大學生仍需B型肝炎預防的再教育，建議學校護士可與行政人員合作規劃相關活動，以提昇帶原者健康促進的自我效能、降低易感組的危險行為、並淡化學生們對B肝帶原者社會烙印的刻板印象。

Hepatitis B carriers are at risk of spreading the virus and developing cirrhosis and hepatoma. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy related to hepatitis B prevention among university students. Using a comparative descriptive design, the study population, defined to include second- through fourth-year students, enrolled at a university in southern Taiwan. Students were stratified by hepatitis B virus infectious status and then selected at random for participation. Survey data were obtained via an online SPSS data entry system. The response rate was 39.9%. A total of 109, 113, and 106 students were assigned, based on their status, to the immune group (having hepatitis B antibody), susceptible group (having neither hepatitis B antigen nor antibody), and carrier group (having hepatitis B antigen without antibody), respectively. Most participants in this study attached a social stigma to hepatitis B carriers. Approximately 24% of carriers and 19% of susceptible students were unaware of their hepatitis B infectious status. Compared with the other two groups, carriers were less likely to change their lifestyle to promote health. Although more than two thirds of susceptible students agreed that their current behavior is risky, only half were worried about becoming hepatitis B carriers. The findings revealed the pressing need for hepatitis B prevention education among university students. School nurses should work closely with school administrators to establish a health promotion program to increase carriers' self-efficacy to promote their personal health, curtail risky behavior among susceptible students, and remove the stigma attached to hepatitis B carriers among university students.

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