Normative Physical Fitness Scores for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

社區老年人體適能常模

陳惠姿(Huey-Tzy Chen)；林建勳(Chien-Hsun Lin)；游麗惠(Li-Hui Yu)

老年人 ； 體適能 ； 常模 ； older adults ； physical fitness ； normative scores

The Journal of Nursing Research

17卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

30 - 41

英文

本研究之目的在建構社區中功能獨立老年人體適能常模，以台北市大安區社區老人為對象，先行以巴氏量表及體能活動準備度問卷，篩選出功能獨立且近兩週無胸悶、及明顯關節傷痛之個案，參與本研究之檢測。每位樣本分別由22位經過訓練的檢測員逐一陪同，並完成身體質量指數、肌力／肌耐力（上肢握力、30秒坐站次數）、平衡感（睜眼右腳站立）、柔軟度（坐椅體前彎）以及心肺耐力（2分鐘抬腿踏步、3分鐘登階）等五大類7項目的檢測活動，有效樣本數為1104。結果發現7項體適能均隨著年齡增加而顯著下降，男女兩性在6項體適能值均呈現顯著差異（3分鐘登階為唯一未達顯著陸差異之項目）。本文最後將男女性樣本分列，以每五歲組之檢測值以五等級：第十、三十、五十、七十及九十百分位表呈現，期望有助於社區老年人體適能檢測以及體能促進方案成效評價之參考。

This study was designed to construct normative physical fitness scores for older, functionally independent adults living in the community. The Physical Activities Readiness Questionnaire and Barthel Index were initialized to screen those who have heart illness, arthritis, and functional dependence. After providing informed consent, each participant was instructed to perform seven tests in five categories, including body mass index, muscle strength/endurance (grasp test and 30-s chair stand test), balance (open-eye stand on right foot), flexibility (chair sit-and-reach test), and aerobic endurance (2- and 3-min step tests with preset cadence). Twenty-two assessors were recruited and trained by a physical fitness instructor to ensure acceptable interrater reliability. The valid sample size was 1, 104. Test performances were significantly different for male and female participants for all test categories, with the exception of aerobic endurance. Mean scores of all tests correlated negatively with age. The authors constructed the percentile distributions for the seven fitness tests for both genders. Results are expected to be helpful in assessing physical fitness and evaluating physical activity in older adults.

1. Chen, K. M.,Li, C. H.,Lin, J. N.,Chen, W. T.,Lin, H. S.,Wu, H. C.(2007).A feasible method to enhance and maintain the health of the elderly living in long-term care facilities through long-term, simplified Tai-Chi exercises.The Journal of Nursing Research,15(2),156-164.
   連結：
2. Allison, D. B.,Zhu, S. K.,Plankey, M.,Faith, M. S.,Heo, M.(2002).Differential associations of body mass index and adiposity with all-cause mortality among men in the first and second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I and NHANES II).International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders,26(3),410-416.
3. America Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.(1980).Health related physical fitness test manual.Reston, VA:America Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance..
4. American Council on Exercise.(1998).Exercise for older adults: ACE's guide for fitness professionals.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetic.
5. The relationship between health and 1824
6. Chen, J. J.(1999).Senior physical fitness assessment program.Taipei, Taiwan, ROC:Sports Affairs Council, Executive Yuan.
7. Chin, M. Y.,Shih, J. H.,Chen, A. C.,Zhang, X. Y.,Tsai, C. H.(2007).An exploration into senior fitness and related factors among patients in daycare centers.Journal of Evidence-Based Nursing,3(3),205-214.
8. Dugas, E. W.(1996).Fullerton,California State University.
9. Fries, J. F.(1996).Physical activity, the compression of morbidity, and the health of the elderly.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,89(2),64-68.
10. Fries, J. F.(1980).Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity.New England Journal of Medicine,303(3),130-135.
11. Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000)
12. Johnston, J.(1999).Fullerton,California State University.
13. Jones, C. J.,Rikli, R. E.,Beam, W. C.(1999).A 30-s chair stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,70(2),113-119.
14. 2006 National report: Physical fitness survey
15. Physical fitness test: The 3-minute step test
16. Physical fitness normative scores: Cardiopulmonary fitness (index percentage normative scores of cardiopulmonary endurance in 6Y65 year-old males and females using the 3-minute step test in the Taiwan Area)
17. Healthy Japanese 21
18. Miotto, J. M.,Chodzko-Zajko, W. J.,Reich, J. L.,Supler, M. M.(1999).Reliability and validity of the Fullerton, functional fitness test: An independent study.Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,7(3),339-353.
19. Nied, R. J.,Frankin, B.(2002).Promoting and prescribing exercise for the elderly.Journal of the American Academy of Family Physicians,65(3),419-426.
20. Paterson, D. H.,Cunningham, D. A.,Koval, J. J.,St. Croix, C. M.(1999).Aerobic fitness in a population of independently living men and women ages 55-86 years.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,31(12),1813-1820.
21. Rikli, R. E.,Jones, C. J.(2001).Senior fitness test manual.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
22. Rikli, R. E.,Jones, C. J.(1999).Development and validation of a functional fitness test for community-residing older adults.Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,7(3),127-159.
23. Rikli, R. E.,Jones, C. J.(1999).Functional fitness normative scores for community-residing older adults, ages 60-94.Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,7(3),160-179.
24. Song, S. H.(2008).Physical activity in the elderly-it is never too late!.QJM,101(8),141-142.
25. Sports Affairs Council, Executive Yuan.(2001).Normative physical fitness scores for persons between 6-64 years of age in Taiwan.Taipei, Taiwan, ROC:Sports Affairs Council, Executive Yuan..
26. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.(2000).Healthy People 2010: Setting the nation's public health agenda.Hyattsville, MD:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services..
27. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.(1996).Physical activity and health: A report of the surgeon general.Atlanta, GA:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
28. The comparison of physical fitness tests for diverse aggregates
29. Whipp, B. J.,Davis, J. A.,Torres, F.,Wasserman, K.(1981).A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise.Journal of Applied Physiology,50(1),217-221.

1. Shu-Ya CHAN,Chun-Fei CHEN(2020).Effects of an ActiveMusic Therapy Programon Functional Fitness in Community Older Adults.The Journal of Nursing Research,28(5),1-11.
2. Yi-Pin Wang,Szu-Kai Fu,Pin-Hsien Wu,Mei-Wun Tsai,Kuo-Wei Tseng(2023)。Association Between Physical Fitness and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Different Exercise Risks in Taiwan。大專體育學刊，25(1)，80-94。
3. 陳柏翰、陳明宗、吳柏翰(2013)。全身性振動伸展訓練對女性高齡者功能性體適能之影響。體育學報，46(4)，339-350。
4. 何健章(2019)。臺灣老年人體適能檢測方法之描述性探析。大專體育，150，19-33。
5. 黃俊清,彭賢德,彭雪英,宋貞儀,吳俊良,田政文(2022)。校園健身房重量訓練團課對社區中老年人功能性體適能及步行能力的訓練效益。華人運動生物力學期刊，19(1)，1-8。
6. 錢桂玉、蔡淑鳳、劉黃麗娟、許淑芬、沈舒華(2016)。以社區為基礎之健康促進課程對中老年人功能性體適能、憂鬱以及生活品質的效益。大專體育學刊，18(1)，66-77。
7. 蕭秋祺,施光隆(2019)。高齡者功能性體適能及其運動習慣之現況調查與分析－以高雄市旗山區和美濃區為例。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，18(1)，14-29。
8. 張家萱,周學雯(2020)。不同國家高齡者功能性體適能檢測方式比較。中華體育季刊，34(3)，205-216。