Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Caring Scale for Institutionalized Elders

機構老人關懷量表之發展與測試

10.1097/jnr.0000000000000147

黃慧莉(Huei-Lih Hwang)；凃金堂(Chin-Tang Tu)；王秀紅(Hsiu-Hung Wang)

caring ； long-term care ； older adults ； scale development ； 關懷 ； 長期照護 ； 老人 ； 量表發展

The Journal of Nursing Research

25卷2期（2017 / 04 / 01）

140 - 148

英文

Background: A scale that measures the efficacy of care from the perspectives of institutionalized older adults is needed to meet the growing need for better caring knowledge and skills among nurses and caretakers working in long-term care facilities. The currently available tools are insufficient for measuring the caring-related interactions of caretakers with institutionalized older adults. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and explore the psychometric structure of a caring scale for institutionalized older adults. Methods: The scale development process took place in two stages. In the first stage, a 34-item Caring Scale for Institutionalized Elders was generated using literature reviews and interviews with institutionalized older adults. Twenty-nine items were retained after item analysis and content validity testing, and then 19 items were retained after an exploratory factor analysis of 300 institution-dwelling older adults. The factor structure and reliability were further tested in 216 older adults using confirmatory factor analysis. The second stage provided evidence of the validity and reliability of the developed scale. This study was conducted between 2011 and 2013 in Taiwan. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 12-item scale with a two-factor structure best fits the data (X^2 =106.990, df = 53, p G .001, X^2/df ratio = 2.019, goodness-of-fit index = .926, comparative fit index = .958, Tucker-Lewis index = .948, root mean square error of approximation = .069). This scale had acceptable Cronbach's α values (range = .827-.907). Conclusions: This scale has satisfactory validity and reliability for measuring the efficacy of care that is provided to institutionalized older adults. Further studies are necessary to test the applicability of this scale to other populations.

背景　為提供長期照護機構護理及照服人員對關懷技能的認知，有需要從機構老年住民的關懷感受開始。目前關懷量表未能充分測量專業照護者與老年住民間的關懷互動。目的　發展與探討機構老人關懷感受量表的心理計量結構。方法　本量表發展過程包含兩個研究，第一個研究是透過文獻查閱及質性訪談，草擬34個題項的機構老人關懷感受量表，透過內容效度測試及項目分析篩選29個題項，透過探索性因素分析取得19個題項，再經由驗證性因素分析驗證12個題項的量表之因素結構。第二個研究是測試量表的信度與效度。本文也透過標準的回覆翻譯流程發展英文版的量表。結果　驗證性因素分析顯示，以12個題項兩個因素結構是最合適本研究的樣本（X^2 =106.990,df = 53, p ＜ .001, X^2/df ratio = 2.019, goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = .926, comparative fit index[CFI] = .958, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = .948, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .069）。此量表擁有可接受程度的Cronbach's α係數（.827～.907）。結論　本量表符合信度及效度的測試，未來有需要對華人機構之老年住民進行本量表之測試。

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