题名 |
蘇軾對嶺海珍禽倒掛子、五色雀之書寫考論 |
并列篇名 |
Studies of Su Shi's literature on Rare Birds of Linghai: Dao gua zi and Wu se que |
作者 |
李宗菊(Zong-ju LI) |
关键词 |
蘇軾 ; 王朝雲 ; 倒掛子 ; 五色雀 ; 嶺海 ; Su Shi ; Wang Zhaoyun ; Dao gua zi ; Wu se que ; Linghai |
期刊名称 |
逢甲人文社會學報 |
卷期/出版年月 |
43期(2021 / 12 / 01) |
页次 |
47 - 83 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
蘇軾謫居嶺海期間曾摹寫嶺海珍禽倒掛子、五色雀。本文以鑒賞蘇軾作品藝術創意入手,側重以詩文史料考證倒掛子、五色雀,以探究其真實面貌。蘇軾賦予倒掛子以專名,以牠襯托惠州梅花與義妾朝雲之超凡脫俗,此種梅禽搭配之詠梅典故應是蘇軾首創。倒掛子是短尾鸚鵡,一身翠綠,喜倒懸身體,與惠州梅林掩映生姿。蘇軾以蜀地的桐花鳳比擬倒掛子,將後者抬高到「鳳」之行列,並美其名曰「綠毛么鳳」,以致後世文人混淆二鳥,甚至誤認為倒掛子與倒掛鳥(即短尾鸚鵡屬的其他種群)有收香本領,於是在典籍中出現桐花鳳、倒掛子、收香鳥混同現象。本文認為倒掛子是倒掛鳥之一,喜歡倒掛,但不能收香。五色雀被視為神雀,能舞迎貴人、終止旱澇、帶來好運。蘇軾在廣東南華寺、羅浮山及海南數度邂逅五色雀,以詩文摹寫其美麗與神秘外貌,讚揚其仁心愛農、不計窮達的美好品質,並向五色雀誠心祝禱,期盼回歸中原,從而獲得自我安頓。五色雀在歷史上形象多變,富有傳奇色彩,令人難辨;另有五色雀即木客鳥之傳說,愈顯紛繁複雜。學界以為五色雀是黑眉擬啄木鳥或太陽鳥屬,但本文認為五色雀並非「一雀五色」,乃「每雀一主色」而「群備五色」,牠亦非木客鳥,應是以赤紅山椒鳥為主的山椒鳥屬。 |
英文摘要 |
Some of Su Shi's literature in Linghai portray rare birds Dao gua zi and Wu se que. His poems and Ci poetry on Huizhou's plum flower first created an allusion of collocation between the flower and Dao gua zi, using Dao gua zi to set off the extraordinariness of plum blossoms and praise the extraordinariness of his beloved concubines, Wang Zhaoyun. Dao gua zi is Vernal Hanging Parrot. It's green with little size and likes to hang upside down. Since Su Shi matched Dao gua zi with Tong hua feng (Aethopyga gouldiae), and gave it a laudatory title as Lv mao yao feng(Little phoenix with green feathers), later literati thus confused Dao gua zi with Tong hua feng, and even mistakenly considered Dao gua zi is like other Loriculus, which are titled as Shou xiang niao(birds that collect and scatter incense). Wu se que has varied and mythical images, and is regarded as divine bird that can predict weather and bring good luck. Su Shi encountered Wu se que several times in Nanhua Temple and Luofu Mountain in Guangdong, and later in Hainan. He described the beauty and mysterious appearance of Wu se que in poetry and praised its benevolent love for farmers as well as its beautiful qualities regardless of failure or success, poverty or wealth. Su Shi sincerely prayed to Wu se que, looking forward to returning to Central China, and therefore obtain self-settling and spiritual comfort. The legend saying Wu se que is Mu ke niao makes it confusing. Scholars considered Wu se que is Megalaima oorti or Aethopyga. However, this paper suggests that Wu se que does not literally mean a single finch with feathers of five colors but several different birds collectively. Wu se que is probably Pericrocotus flammeus mixing with other species of Pericrocotus. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
人文學綜合 人文學 > 人類學及族群研究 社會科學 > 社會科學綜合 |
参考文献 |
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