Clinical Characteristics of Canine Retinopathies

犬視網膜疾病之臨床特徵

10.7009/TVJ.200306.0090

林中天(Chung-Tien Lin)；楊文淵(Wen-Yuan Yang)

犬 ； 漸進性視網膜退化症 ； 視網膜剝離 ； 視網膜出血 ； 視網膜疾病 ； 後天突發性視網膜退化症 ； Dog ； Progressive retinal atrophy ； Retinal detachment ； Retinal hemorrhage ； Retinopathy ； Sudden acquired retinal degeneration

臺灣獸醫學雜誌

29卷2期（2003 / 06 / 01）

90 - 96

英文

視網膜疾病是造成犬隻失明最主要的原因之一。本研究回溯性分析20隻因視力障礙問題至台大動物醫院眼科就診並經詳細眼科學及全身檢查之病犬資料，以了解各種犬視網膜疾病之臨床特徵及可能病因。這些病例造成失明的病症包括漸進性視網膜退化症（45%, N=9）、眼底出血（25%，N=5；其中2隻伴隨視網膜剝離）、後天突發性視網膜退化症（15%, N=3）、視網膜剝離（15%, N=3）與視網膜炎（10%, N=2）。百分之六十五的就診犬隻為全盲、百分之十五則單眼失明，另外百分之十五夜盲伴隨輕微日盲。漸進性視網膜退化症為遺傳性疾病，本次病例之常見臨床症狀及眼底病變為全盲（N=8, 88.8%）或部分失明（N=1, 11.1%）、視網膜血管變細減少（N=9）、眼底明朗毯反射度增加（N=9）、視神經頭蒼白（N=9）與繼發性白內障（N=2）；平均罹患年齡5.67±1.98歲（範圍自3.5歲到10歲）。三隻不明原因罹患後天突發性視網膜退化症成犬的症狀為突發性喪失視力、但尚無視網膜血管病變或視覺中樞異常病變之情況。視網膜炎發生於十隻犬，主要眼底病變包括眼底出血、出血伴隨視網膜剝離、視網膜水腫。經臨床及實驗室檢查發現，超過五成比例以上之視網膜炎或視網膜剝離病例，為全身性疾病所造成。雖然有些視網膜疾病之病因未知，但由本次病例分析可將病因大致分為遺傳性、後天性全身性疾病、後天性視網膜病變但無全身性疾病之關連性等三大類。由於視網膜疾病之病因複雜且治療困難，故對於視力障礙的動物，詳細檢查評估眼部方面異常以及全身性疾病是十分重要的，這些完整的檢查有助於病因的鑑定以及成功的早期控制視網膜疾病。

Retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in the dog. Twenty vision-impaired dogs attended at our clinic of the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital (NTUVH) for ophthalmic examination and treatment. A retrospective study of these 20 dogs with a variety of retinopathies was performed. These canine retinopathy cases included progressive retinal atrophy (PRA, 45%, N=9), fundus hemorrhages (25%, N=5; two of them were associated with retinal detachment), sudden acquired retinal degeneration (SARD, 15%, N=3), retinal detachment (15%, N=3), and retinitis (10%, N=21, Sixty-five percent (N=13) of dogs were totally blind, fifteen percent (N=3) with unilateral blindness, fifteen percent (N=3) with night blindness and slight day blindness. In PRA, the cases showed clinical signs of total vision loss (N=8, 88.8%) or partial blindness (N=1, 11.1 %), retinal vascular attenuation (N=9), tapetal hyper-reflectivity (N=9), optic nerve pallor (N=9) and secondary cataract formation (N=2). Mean age (±SD) of PRA affected dogs was 5.67 ± 1.98 years old (ranged from 3.5 yrs to 10 yrs). Three SARD dogs with unknown etiology displayed quiet sudden loss of vision with no obvious retinal and central cortical lesions. Retinitis was found in 10 dogs with lesions of fundus hemorrhages, retinal detachment, or/and fundus edema. More than 50% of the affected dogs with retinitis or retinal detachment were caused by systemic disorders. Although the etiology of the disorders is not understood in all cases, three major categories of etiology are strongly suggested in the retinopathies: genetic retinal disease, acquired systemic diseases, and retinal diseases without known systemic diseases involvement. Thorough ophthalmic as well as physical examination is critical for identification of etiology and successful management of retinopathy.