準固定要素與績效評估－台灣國際觀光旅館客房部之實證研究

Quasi-Fixed Inputs and Performance Evaluation-An Empirical Study of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan

10.30087/APEMR.200903.0003

潘治民；林億明；周秝宸

技術效率 ； 分配效率 ； 經濟效率 ； 準固定要素 ； Technical Efficiency ； Allocative Efficiency ； Economic Efficiency ； Quasi-fixed Input

亞太經濟管理評論

12卷2期（2009 / 03 / 01）

61 - 80

繁體中文

本文旨在探討準固定要素對於國際觀光旅館客房部門績效評估的影響。國際觀光旅館產業的客房部門明顯地存在有投入要素固定的特質；然而，過去有關國際觀光旅館績效評估的研究大多忽略此一特殊現象。本文以2005年台灣地區個別國際觀光旅館之客房部門為例，運用經由生產面對偶出的成本邊界函數以檢視忽略準固定要素之性質對於績效評估的影響。本研究結果發現：準要素固定性會顯著的影響國際觀光旅館客房部門的績效評估，若忽略準要素固定性的特質，會有高估技術效率、低估分配效率的問題存在。

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of quasi-fixed inputs, such as the number of hotel rooms, on measurement of operating efficiency of Taiwan’s international tourist hotels. The phenomenon of quasi-fixed inputs commonly exists in Hotel industry. We utilize cost frontier to decompose the technical, allocative and economic efficiency, under scenarios of with and without quasi-fixed inputs and conclude that quasi-fixed inputs have significant effects on efficiency measurement. Ignoring such quasi-fixity would cause technical efficiency to be overestimated and allocative efficiency to be underestimated.

1. 王斐青、洪惟廷、尚瑞國(2005)。臺灣地區國際觀光旅館產業生產力變動之研究。亞太經濟管理評論，9(1)，129-160。
   連結：
2. 黃台心、陳盈秀、陳佩欣(2007)。臺灣地區本國銀行業長期效率的動態分析。經濟論文，35(1)，83-114。
   連結：
3. Ahn, S. C.,D. H. Good,R. C. Sickles(2000).Estimation of Long-Run Inefficiency Levels: A Dynamic Frontier Approach.Econometric Reviews,19,461-492.
4. Aigner, D.,C. A. K. Lovell,P. Schmidt(1977).Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Models.Journal of Econometrics,6,21-37.
5. Anderson, R. I.,M. Fish,Y. Xia,F. Michello(1999).Measuring Efficiency in the Hotel Industry: A Stochastic Frontier Approach.Hospitality Management,18,45-57.
6. Banker, R. D.,R. C. Morey(1986).Efficiency Analysis for Exogenously Fixed Inputs and Outputs.Operations Research,34,513-521.
7. Barros, C. P.,F. P. Alves(2004).Productivity in the Tourism Industry.International Advances in Economic Research,10,215-225.
8. Charnes, A.,W. W. Cooper,E. Rhodes(1978).Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units.European Journal of Operation Research,2,429-444.
9. Chen, C. F.(2007).Applying the Stochastic Frontier Approach to Measure Hotel Managerial Efficiency in Taiwan.Tourism Management,28,696-702.
10. Chen, C. F.,K. T. Soo(2007).Cost Structure and Productivity Growth of the Taiwanese International Tourist Hotels.Tourism Management,28,1400-1407.
11. Chiang, W. E.,M. H. Tsai,L. S. M. Wang(2004).Research Note: A DEA Evaluation of Taipei Hotels.Annals of Tourism Research,31,712-715.
12. Coelli, T. J.,D. S. P. Rao,C. J. O''Donnell,G. E. Battese(1998).An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis.Springer.
13. Diewert, W. E.,D. A. Lawrence(1993).Essays in Index Number Theory, Volume 1, Contributions to Economic Analysis Series.North-Holland.
14. Farrell, M. J.(1957).The Measurement of Production Efficiency.Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series A,253-281.
15. Fisher, I.(1922).The Making of Index Numbers.Houghton Mifflin.
16. Greene, W. H.(1980).Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Econometric Frontier Function.Journal of Econometrics,13,27-56.
17. Kopp, R. J.(1981).The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: A Reconsideration.Quarterly Journal of Economics,96,477-503.
18. Kopp, R. J.,W. E. Diewert(1982).The Decomposition of Frontier Cost Function Deviations into Measures of Technical and Allocative Efficiency.Journal of Econometrics,19,319-331.
19. Meeusen, W.,J. van Den Broeck(1977).Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error.International Economic Review,18,435-444.
20. Morey, R. C.,D. A. Dittman(1995).Evaluating a Hotel GM's Performance: A Case Study in Benchmarking.Cornel Hotel Restaurant and Administration Quarterly,36,30-35.
21. Ouellete, P.,V. Vierstraete(2004).Technological Change and Efficiency in the Presence of Quasi-Fixed Inputs: A DEA Application to Hospital Sector.European Journal of Operational Research,154,755-763.
22. Richmond, D.(1974).Estimating the Efficiency of Production.International Economic Review,15,515-521.
23. Schmidt, P.,C. A. K. Lovell(1979).Estimating Technical and Allocative Inefficiency Relative to Stochastic Production and Cost Frontiers.Journal of Econometrics,9,343-366.
24. Tornqvist, L.(1936).The Bank of Finland's Consumption Price Index.Bank of Finland Monthly Bulletin,10,1-8.
25. Wang, F. C.,W. T. Hung,J. K. Shang(2006).Measuring the Cost Efficiency of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan.Tourism Economics,12,65-85.
26. Weng, C. C.,K. L. Wang(2006).Scale and Scope Economies of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan.Tourism Management,27,25-33.
27. 交通部觀光局(2005)。中華民國94年臺灣地區國際觀光旅館營運分析報告。
28. 陳勁甫、王婷瑜(2003)。國際觀光旅館經營效率衡量之研究－隨機邊界法之應用。旅遊管理研究，3(1)，63-77。
29. 陳勁甫、黃秋閔(2001)。台北地區國際觀光旅館經營效率之研究。旅遊管理研究，1(1)，27-46。
30. 傅祖壇(1994)。要素固定性，對偶成本邊界函數及生產效率之衡量－台灣毛猪農場之實證。經濟論文叢刊，22(4)，451-475。

1. 孫昱祺(2016)。漓江煙雨人文渡假酒店之客房規劃設計研究。中原大學室內設計學系學位論文。2016。1-171。