體育系學生的學習經驗與性別關係之探究

Gendered Learning and Gender Relations in the Departments of Physical Education

10.6255/JWGS.2012.30.1

游美惠(Mei-Hui You)

性別與體育 ； 性別與運動 ； 陽剛 ； 陰柔 ； 恐同 ； gender and physical education ； gender and sports ； masculinity/masculinities ； femininity/femininities ； homophobia

女學學誌：婦女與性別研究

30期（2012 / 06 / 01）

1 - 45

繁體中文

本研究針對正在體育系就讀的學生及畢業生進行訪談，蒐集相關資料，探究體育系的男、女學生（選擇）進入體育系就讀之動機，並探究其相關的學習經驗；此外，同學們在體育類科系求學的過程中，其性別經驗與同儕間之性別關係為何？陽剛與陰柔分別如何展現？性別是被社會文化建構而成，陽剛與陰柔特質如何在社會中各個場域、各種實踐被「建構」，是近年來性別研究常探討的主題。陽剛特質不只由性別社會化所造成，我們更須進一步留意實踐、情境脈絡、體制性的權力和論述場域如何同時生產出「性別」。研究者藉由探討學生進入體育系的學習歷程，瞭解過往的體育訓練給了他們什麼性別歷練與經驗；以體育系學生所處的學習環境來說，集體陽剛的次文化，加上日常體能訓練的肉身打造實作，對於男女學生造成不同的衝擊和影響。研究發現分為五點呈現：（一）「我就是想要當體育老師！」（二）「男生女生都一樣很努力啊！」（三）體育系男生都「很MAN」？（四）「體育系的男生會有光環。」（五）「體育系女同志⋯⋯不是秘密吧！沒有公開，但大家都知道。」本研究探究體育系學生的學習經驗與性別關係，希望能對「性別與體育」以及「陽剛建構」等相關議題之探究提供一些具體的經驗研究成果。

The purpose of this study is to examine the learning experiences of students in the department of physical education. Physical education plays an important role in influencing attitudes toward the body, and in enhancing the development of bodily strength. It is also a prime field for exploring the social and cultural construction of body and gender relation. Students who choose physical education as their major may also have to overcome a number of obstacles in their learning, and in their daily school lives. This research is concerned with examining students' learning experiences within the department of physical education from gender analytical perspective. The researcher has conducted interviews to understand students' views and experiences. Focusing on students' learning experiences in the department of physical education, the researcher examines the following questions: How do students identify themselves when they choose physical education as their major? How do these university students interpret their gender relations within the department of physical education? Finally, this study emphasizes that researchers working in the field of gender and physical education must consider the construction of masculinity and femininity. This research may provide theoretical and practical implications in the field of gender and physical education, which requires more empirical inquiries to be developed.

1. 張雅惠(2004)。女性運動員之源起、角色衝突及對體育、運動本身的意義與價值。大專體育，72，92-96。
   連結：
2. 葉素汝、黃木泉(2004)。女性運動員的身體形象建構與飲食失調。輔導季刊，40(2)，54-59。
   連結：
3. 程瑞福（ 2007）教育部95年各級學校學生運動參與情形調查報告。〔online〕.2008/12/25. Availalbe: http://140.122.72.62/Census/census-5.pdf
4. Aitchison, C. C.(Ed.)(2007).Sport and gender identities: Masculinities, femininities and sexualities.London:Routledge.
5. Aitchison,C. C.(Ed.)(2007).Sport and gender identities: Masculinities, femininities and sexualities.London:Routledge.
6. Anderson, E.(2005).In the game: Gay athletes and the cult of masculinity.Albany:State University of New York Press.
7. Anderson, E.(2002).Openly gay athletes: Contesting hegemonic masculinity in a homophobic environment.Gender and Society,16(6),860-877.
8. Benjamin, S.(2002).Reproducing traditional femininities?: The social relations of 'special educational needs' in a girls' comprehensive school.Gender and Education,14(3),281-294.
9. Brod, H. B.(Ed.)(1987).The making of masculinities.Boston:Allen & Unwin.
10. Clayton, B.,Humberstone, B.(2007).Gender and race: What's that to do with football studies? Contested knowledges in leisure curricula in HE.Gender and Education,19(4),513-533.
11. Connell, R. W.(1995).Masculinities.London:Polity Press.
12. Connell, R. W.(1987).Gender and power.California:Stanford University Press.
13. Connell, R. W.(2000).The men and the boys.California:University of California press.
14. Connell, R. W.(1996).Teaching the boys: New research on masculinity, and gender strategies for schools.Teachers College Record,98(2),206-238.
15. Donaldson, M.(1993).What is hegemonic masculinity?.Theory and Society,22,643-657.
16. Griffin, P.(1998).Strong women, deep closets.Champaign:Human Kinetics.
17. Kelly, D.,Pomerantz, S.,Curie, D.(2005).Skater girlhood and emphasized femininity: 'You can't land an ollie properly in heels'.Gender and Education,17(3),229-248.
18. Knight, J. L.,Giuliani, T. A.(2003).Blood, sweat, and jeers: The impact of the media's heterosexist portrayals on perceptions of male and female athletes.Journal of Sport Behavior,26(3),272-285.
19. Lesko, N.(Ed.)(2000).Masculinities at school.Thousand Oakes:Sage Publications, Inc..
20. Martino, W.,Frank, B.(2006).The tyranny of surveillance: Male teachers and the policing of masculinities in a single sex school.Gender and Education,1(1),17-33.
21. Martino, W.,Pallotta-Chiarolli, M.(2003).So what's a boy?: Addressing issues of masculinity and schooling.Philadelphia:Open University Press.
22. Mckay, J.,Messner, M. A.,Sabo, D.(2000).Masculinities, gender relations, and sport.Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications, Inc..
23. Messner, M. A.(2007).Out of play: Critical essays on gender and sport.Albany:State University of New York Press.
24. Messner, M. A.(2002).Taking the field: Women, men and sports.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
25. Messner, M.(Ed.),Sabo, D.(Ed.)(1990).Sport, men and the gender order.Champaign, IL.:Kinetics.
26. Moss, M.(2011).The media and the models of masculinity.Lanham:Lexington Books.
27. Nilan P.(2000).You're hopeless I swear to God': Shifting masculinities in classroom talk.Gender and Education,12(1),53-68.
28. Nylund, D.(2004).When in Rome: heterosexism, homophobia and sports talk radio.Journal of Sport and Social Issues,28(2),136-168.
29. Paechter, C.(2006).Masculine femininities/feminine masculinities: Power, identities and gender.Gender and Education,18(3),253-263.
30. Penney, D.(Ed.)(2002).Gender and physical education.London:Routledge.
31. Plummer, D.(2006).Sportophobia.Journal of Sport & Social Issues,30(2),122-137.
32. Reichert, M.C.,Kuriloff, P.(2004).Boys' selves: Identity and anxiety in the looking glass of school life.The Teachers College Record,106(30),544-573.
33. Scraton, S.(1992).Shaping up to womanhood: Gender and girls' physical education.Buckingham:Open University Press.
34. Scraton, S.(Ed.),Flintoff, A.(Ed.)(2002).Gender and sport: A reader.London:Routledge.
35. Theberg, N.(1991).A content analysis of print media coverage of gender, women and physical activity.Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,3,36-48.
36. Wellard, I.,Pickard, A.,Bailey, R.(2007).A shock of electricity just sort of goes through my body': Physical activity and embodied reflexive practices in young female ballet dancers.Gender and Education,19(1),79-91.
37. 刁筱華譯、Tong, Rosemarie(1996)。女性主義思潮。台北:時報。
38. 行政院體育委員會編印(2006)。性別與運動。行政院體育委員會。
39. 李金梅譯、林秀娟譯、賴美忍譯、Mills, Jane(1997)。女話。台北:書泉。
40. 許夢芸譯、Barker, Chris(2007)。文化研究智典。台北:韋伯文化。
41. 陳彥文(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所。
42. 游美惠(2012)。攸關陽剛與陰柔：《性別與教育》（Gender and Education）期刊論文（2000-2010）的熱門議題探討。陽剛氣質：國外論述與台灣經驗，台北:
43. 游美惠、易言媛(2002)。男性／陽剛特質 & 女性／陰柔特質。性別平等教育季刊，18，101-106。
44. 黃宜萍(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立東華大學觀光暨遊憩管理研究所。
45. 黃泰豪(2005)。「女生不喜歡運動？」談國小體育教學中的兩性差異。國民教育，45(5)，88-93。
46. 黃淑玲編、游美惠編(2007)。性別向度與台灣社會。台北:巨流。
47. 黃麗螢(2007)。我想一直動下去！─淺談女性與運動。性別平等教育季刊，39，14-19。
48. 楊淑智譯、Pittman, Frank(1995)。新男性─掙脫男子氣概的枷鎖。台北:牛頓。
49. 葉素汝(1998)。女性運動員性別角色衝突之探討。國民體育季刊，27(1)，54-60。
50. 趙曉美、陳劍蘭(2007)。女性投入體能運動的心理設限。性別平等教育季刊，39，111-115。
51. 劉育雯(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所。
52. 劉建台譯、林宗德譯、Claterbaugh, Kenneth(2003)。男性氣概的當代觀點。台北:女書。
53. 鄭琇瑩(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學體育教育研究所。
54. 鍾怡純(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立東華大學觀光暨遊憩管理研究所。
55. 鍾曉雲(2001)。從社會化過程中看運動員性別角色的衝突。大專體育，55，115-120。

1. 程昱瑋,曾郁嫻(2023)。媒體工作者視角下的運動員性別呈現：2017世界大學運動會為例。臺大體育學報，45，11-23。
2. 黃郁婷、湯添進、陳昱文(2017)。運動社會學的發展脈絡、理論與主流議題。體育學報，50(1)，1-18。