運動員運動傷害後之心理反應及因應之道

The Psychological Response of Athletes and the Necessary Reaction after Athletic Injury

10.29697/JPE.200605.0025

邱安美(Ann-Mei Chi)；王顯智(Adi Wang)

運動傷害 ； 運動員 ； 心理復健 ； 心理技巧訓練 ； Sports injury ； Athlete ； Psychological rehabilitation ； Psychological skill training

輔仁大學體育學刊

5期（2006 / 05 / 31）

299 - 310

繁體中文

2004年雅典奧運陳詩欣、朱木炎兩位選手拿下雙料金牌的景象，相信讓國人畢生難忘，然而，在殘酷的運動競技場上，運動員的生理狀況、運動技能旗鼓相當時，決定勝負的關鍵，就是運動員的心理素質。運用心理訓練技巧提升運動員的表現，早已行之多年，在1984年洛杉磯奧運中，加拿大隊的運動員中就有高達99%的選手使用心象練習的心理訓練法，加拿大在那一年所得到的獎牌有44面之多（相較於在1976年蒙特婁所得到的11面獎牌），然而對運動員一生的競技生命中，最害怕也最挫折的事情，莫過於就是在運動技能顛峰時運動傷害的發生。 本文針對運動員發生運動傷害復之心理反應以心理學角度、運動員心理反應兩方面來探討，發現受傷運動員心理的復健可用（一）正面的溝通，（二）明確的目標設定，（三）改變負面思想，（四）善用心理技能，（五）增加社會支持的方法因應。

The moment that Chen Shi Xin and Zhu Mu Yan won the gold medals for Taekwondo at the 2004 Olympic game in Anthem, is certainly the moment that will be remembered for a lifetime to many of us. However, at competitive sporting events, all of the athletes will have similar skills and physical conditions. So the factor that will ultimately determine the victory is therefore depended on the athletes' psychological superiority. For many years, psychological training has been employed to enhance the performance of the athletes, such as the Canadian team during the 1984 Olympic game in Los Angeles. Almost 99% of the Canadian athletes were involved in imagery practicing, which is part of the psychological skill training, to prepare for the Olympic game, and the find result was the winning of a total of 44 medals (compare to II medals from the 1976 game in Montreal). However, nothing can be more frightening to athletes than the occurrence of athletic injury when the athletes are at the peak of their physical condition. This article discusses the psychological impact on athletes after athletic injury from psychological point of view and the athletes’ psychological response. The athletes' psychological wellbeing can be improved by: 1) having constructive discussions; 2) comprising clear and defined goals; 3) changing negative thoughts; 4) employing psychological skills; and 5) increasing the support from the society.

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