男子網球選手閉鎖式與開放式站姿反手拍擊球加速期運動學比較研究

A Comparative Study on Square and Open Stance of Backhand Stroke for Male Tennis Players during Acceleration Phase

林省佑(Sheng-Yu Lin)；林清山(Ching-Shan Lin)；謝鎮偉(Jenn-Woei Shieh)；董龍(Long Tung)；徐育廷(Yu-Ting Hsu)

矢狀面 ； 線動量 ； 髖軸 ； sagittal plane ； linear momentum ； hip axis

輔仁大學體育學刊

14期（2015 / 07 / 31）

35 - 48

繁體中文

目的：藉由Kwon 3D動作分析系統拍攝反手拍動作，藉以比較閉鎖式與開放式之加速期平均球速、擊球拍頭速度、拍頭最大速度、拍頭最大速度出現時宜、身體重心前後及垂直位移之運動學參數。方法：本研究採用Mega Speed高速攝影機，以每秒120 Hz之拍攝頻率，拍攝六位受試者兩種站姿各20球，將蒐集資料Kwon 3D動作分析系統進行數位化處理，最後以相依樣本t檢定來檢驗兩種不同站姿之反手拍於向前加速期階段其各項運動學參數之差異。結果：反手拍使用不同站姿擊球，在加速期兩種不同站姿在平均球速上達顯著差異，且閉鎖式之平均球速快於開放式球速；加速期反手拍兩種站姿在擊球拍頭速度、拍頭最大速度均未達顯著差異，但閉鎖式站姿拍頭速度與拍頭最大速度有快於開放式之傾向。拍頭最大速度出現時宜兩者皆達顯著差異，且閉鎖式站姿之拍頭最大速度較接近擊球瞬間；加速期使用不同站姿擊球在身體重心前後位移之表現，閉鎖式大於開放式，並達顯著差異；但在垂直方向位移開放式大於閉鎖式站姿，且達顯著差異。結論：目前網球選手反手拍底線抽球大都使用開放式站姿，然在閉鎖式站姿的擊球速度快於開放式站姿，因此在致勝球的訓練上可多著重於閉鎖式站姿的打法，開放式站姿則可選擇回中場較急迫性的回擊球上；閉鎖式站姿身體重心前後位移大，可使用在對方來球較短的時機或是可運用在隨球上網之雙打訓練上，可提供日後教練及選手訓練之參考。

Purpose: By shooting video of the movement of backhand with Kwon 3D motion analysis system, the kinematic parameters of the average ball speed in the closed and open acceleration, the speed of the ball-hitting racket, the maximum speed of racket, the timing for the maximum speed of racket to be shown, the lateral and vertical movements of the center of body mass were compared. Methods: Mega Speed high speed camera was adopted in the study. With the shooting frequency of 120Hz, the movements of 10 times of ball shots in two types of stances of 6 subjects were recorded. The data collected was processed with Kwon 3D motion analysis system. Finally, the differences in the kinematic parameters in the fore-accelerating period of backhands in different stances were examined with dependent samples t test. Results: For backhands in different stances, there was a significant difference in the average ball speeds in the accelerating of the two different stances, and the average ball speed shot in the closed style was faster than the one in the open style; There was no significant difference in the speeds of ball-hitting rackets and the maximum speeds of rackets in the accelerating of backhands in the two stances. However, the speeds of ball-hitting rackets and the maximum speed of the racket in closed stance had the tendency of being faster than those in the open stance. There was a significant difference in the timings for the maximum speeds of the rackets to be shown, and the timing for the maximum speed of the racket to be shown in closed stance was closer to the timing of ball-hitting; In the case of the performances of the lateral movement of the center of mass of body for hitting balls in different stances in accelerating, the one in closed stance was larger than the one in open stance, and there was a significant difference between them; However, in the case of the comparison of the vertical movements in the two stances, the movement in open stance was larger than the one in closed stance, and there was a significant difference between them. Conclusion: Currently, most of tennis players adopt open stance when performing baseline backhand. However, the ball-hitting speed in closed stance is faster than the one in open stance, so the shot movement in closed stance can be more emphasized in the training for winning shots. Besides, the open stance can be adopted in hitting back the ball with more urgency in the midcourt; for that the movement of the center of mass of body is large in closed stance, so it can be adopted in the timing when the ball served by the opponent flies a shorter distance or in the training of the follow-through to the net in tennis doubles. All the results found in the study can be provided as reference for coaches and the training of players in the future.

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