動作技能學習策略應用於運動員學業學習之探討

The Application of Motor Skill Learning on Academic Learning for Athlete

林建勳(Chien-Hsun Lin)；許富淑(Fu-Shu Hsu)

動作學習 ； 課業 ； 學生運動員 ； motor learning ； academic ； student athletes

輔仁大學體育學刊

16期（2017 / 01 / 31）

214 - 227

繁體中文

運動員透過單肢段動作之學習開始熟悉運動技能，進而逐漸增加使用之肢段，成為多肢段之動作技能，經過訓練後，可進一步學習更複雜之動作技能，並運用競技戰術於競賽場上。個體從初學到精熟需要長時間的訓練與經驗的累積，是運動員培養必經的過程；然而運動員在求學階段進行大量動作技能的學習，其學習策略與學業學習之策略亦有相似之處。本研究透過文獻綜整，探討動作學習之理論基礎與學習策略，以及其與學業學習之基礎理論與策略間之相似性，並提出透過相關策略提升運動員學業學習成效之可行性。

Athletic skills were practiced from single-segmental movement, and increase other segments in next phase for accomplishing multi-segmental motors. Complex skills would be learned after training, and applied in competitions. A long-term training and calculating experiences for mastering those skills, were parts of cultivating an athlete. However, the strategies of motor learning were similar to those of academic learning. The purpose of this study was exploring the similarity of strategies between motor learning and academic learning through literature reviewing, and tried to find the feasible strategies of improving academic performance.

1. 林生傳(2007)。教育心理學。台北:五南。
   連結：
2. Thorndike, E. L. (1903). Educational psychology. NY: the Science.
3. Thorndike, E. (1927). The Measurement of Intelligence. NY: Teachers College Press.
4. 陳志祥（2013）。打球放棄學業 殷仔好後悔。中時電子報。Retrieved from http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20131222000632-260111
5. Landsberger, J. (1995). Learning as a student-athlete or student-performer. From http://www.studygs.net/athlete.htm
6. Woodworth, R. S. (1899). The Accuracy of Voluntary Movement. NY: Macmillan.
7. AW, M.(Ed.)(1964).Categories of human learning.NY:Academic Press.
8. B.,B. J.(1987).Learning Process Questionnaire Manual Student approaches to learning and studying.Melbourne:Australian Council for Educational Research.
9. Cormier, S. M.,Hagman, J. D.(1987).Transfer of learning; contemporary research and applications.San Diego:Academic Press.
10. Davids, K.、Button, C.、Bennett, S.、劉有德譯、謝宗諭譯、陳秀惠譯、嚴雅婷譯、戴遠成譯、江函芸譯、王衍超譯、李易潔譯、陳尹華譯、鄭光志譯(2010)。技能學習的動力：限制導向的觀點。台北市:禾楓書局。
11. Diewert, G. L.,Roy, E. A.(1978).Coding strategy for memory of movement extent information.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory,4(6),666-675.
12. Gagné, R. M.(1985).The conditions of learning and theory of instruction.New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
13. Gentile, A. M.(1972).A Working Model of Skill Acquisition with application to teaching.Quest,17
14. Haywood, K.,Getchell, N.(2005).Life Span Motor Development.Human Kinetics.
15. Kerr, R.(1982).Psychomotor learning.Saunders College Pub.
16. Magill, R. A.(2004).Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications.McGraw-Hill.
17. Magill, R. A.,Lee, T. D.(1987).verbal label effects on response accuracy and organization for learning limb positioning movements.Journal of Human Movement Studies,13,285-308.
18. Magill, R. A.、張忠秋譯、金亞虹譯、殷恒嬋譯、趙國明譯、漆昌柱譯、曹明譯(2006)。運動技能學習與控制。北京:中國輕工業出版社。
19. Newell, A.,Rosenbloom, P. S.(1982).Mechanisms of Skill Acquisition and the Law of Practice.Design Research Center, Carnegie-Mellon University.
20. Oxendine, J. B.(1984).Psychology of Motor Learning.Prentice-Hall.
21. Papalia, D. E.,Olds, S. W.(1985).Psychology.USA:McGraw-Hill Book Company.
22. Robinson, F. P.(1970).Effective study.New York:Harper & Row.
23. Schmidt, R. A.,Lee, T. D.(2011).Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis.champaign (IL):Human Kinetics.
24. Shea, C. H.,Wright, D. L.,Wulf, G.,Whitacre, C.(2000).Physical and observational practice afford unique learning opportunities.Journal of Motor Behavior,32(1),27-36.
25. Shebilske, W. L.,Regian, J. W.,Winifred, A. J.,Jordan, J. A.(1992).A dyadic protocol for training complex skills.Hum. Factors,34(3),369-374.
26. 林清和(2006)。運動學習程式學。臺北:泰宇出版股份有限公司。
27. 林貴福譯、蔡忠昌譯、徐孟達譯、朱真儀譯、張惟翔譯、高宇弘譯、顏克典譯、石佑翎譯、Potteiger, J. A.(2013)。運動科學概論。台北市:禾楓。
28. 傅夕聯、孟昭為、梁振英、譚成波(2006)。數学学习迁移的几个策略。洛陽理工學院學報（社會科學版），21(2)，110-112。
29. 黃永和(1998)。遷移理論及其影響因素之探討。人文及社會學科教學通訊，9(2)，165-178。
30. 黃志雄(2006)。從學習遷移理論談障礙學生的類化能力與學習策略。特殊教育現在與未來，台中:
31. 黃偉揚(2001)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，臺北市立師範學院。
32. 鄭昭明(2004)。認知心理學：理論與實踐。台北縣:桂冠圖書。
33. 蕭美珠(1997)。桌球近似運動項目對桌球技能學習之類化效果比較。體育學報，24，229-240。