國中女籃選手進行六週下肢控制訓練對跳躍落地品質之影響

The Effects of Lower Limb Control Training on the Jump-Landing Movement Quality in Junior High School Female Basketball Players

王世慧(Shih-Huei Wang)；傅麗蘭(Li-Lan Fu)

前十字韌帶 ； 跳躍落地 ； 落地動作錯誤評分系統（LESS） ； 訓練計畫 ； Anterior cruciate ligament ； Jump landing ； LESS ； Training program

輔仁大學體育學刊

17期（2018 / 07 / 31）

152 - 163

繁體中文

目的：先前的文獻指出不正確的跳躍落地動作技巧，包含落地時過度膝外翻、踝關節不穩定和僵硬的落地技術（stiff landing technique）都是容易導致前十字韌帶（ACL）非接觸性傷害的危險因子。因此，本研究旨在透過The Landing Error Scoring System（落地動作錯誤評分系統，以下簡稱為LESS）作為落地品質的監督工具，探討進行六週針對籃球專項運動所設計的下肢控制訓練計畫對國中乙級女子籃球員落地品質的效益。方法：以某兩間國中的女籃選手為受試者並依團隊為單位分組，受試者維持原有的例行熱身活動及訓練，但實驗組在例行熱身後額外進行每週3次，每次15分鐘的下肢控制訓練計畫；所有受試者在介入前、後皆透過LESS進行落地品質的測量評分，也利用中文版主觀膝部評估表（IKDC）來看受試者自覺的膝關節功能在介入前、後是否有差異。本研究以單因子共變數分析LESS和IKDC分數變化情形，並以成對樣本t檢定計算兩組在前、後測結果之差異，顯著水準定為p＜.05。結果：經過六週下肢控制訓練後，在主觀膝部評估分數方面，兩組間及前、後測間皆未達到顯著差異，但實驗組的LESS分數有顯著進步且顯著優於控制組。結論：針對國中女性籃球運動員進行以下肢控制為主的訓練計畫，能提升跳躍落地動作的技巧，進而降低非接觸性前十字韌帶傷害的發生風險，建議可作為乙級選手或業餘運動員教練的熱身訓練參考。

Purpose: Previous researches pointed out that improper jumping landing technique, including excessive knee valgus during jump landing, ankle instability, and a stiff landing technique were possible risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the six-week lower limb control training in female young basketball players, using the Landing Error Scoring System(LESS) as a monitoring tool for landing quality. Methods: Two junior high school basketball teams were recruited, one as the intervention group and another as the control group. Both teams continue their regular training routine, but the intervention group received an additional lower limb control training program (15 minutes/session, 3 sessions/week). Before and after the intervention, all subjects were scored by the LESS to evaluate the landing quality and answered the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC). All data were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA and pair t test (P ＜.05).Results: After the program, there was no significant difference in the scores of the IKDC. However, the intervention group significantly improved (P＜.05) the scores of the LESS and were better than the control group. Conclusions: The six-week lower limb control training in junior high school female basketball players significantly improve the jump-landing technique, reducing the risk for non-contact ACL injury. This training can be recommended as a warm-up protocol for second-class player or amateur athletes.

1. Aerts, I.,Cumps, E.,Verhagen, E.,Meeusen, R.(2010).Efficacy of a 3 month training program on the jump-landing technique in jump-landing sports. Design of a cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders,11(1)
2. Borowski, L. A.,Yard, E. E.,Fields, S. K.,Comstock, R. D.(2008).The Epidemiology of US high school basketball injuries, 2005-2007.The American Journal of Sports Medicine,36(12),2328-2335.
3. Brophy, R. H.,Schmitz, L.,Wright, R. W.,Dunn, W. R.,Parker, R. D.,Andrish, J. T.,McCarty, E.C.,Spindler, K. P.(2012).Return to play and future ACL injury risk after ACL reconstruction in soccer athletes from the Multicenter Orthopaedic outcomes network (MOON) group.The American Journal of Sports Medicine,40(11),2517-2522.
4. Cumps, E.,Verhagen, E.,Meeusen, R.(2007).Prospective epidemiological study of basketball injuries during one competitive season: ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries.Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,6,204-211.
5. Ford, K. R.,Shapiro, R.,Myer, G. D.,van den Bogert, A.J.,Hewett, T. E.(2010).Longitudinal sex differences during landing in knee abduction in young athletes.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,42(10),1923-1931.
6. Hewett, T. E.,Myer, G. D.,Ford, K. R.(2004).Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes.The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American,86(8),1601-1608.
7. Padua, D. A.,DiStefano, L. J.,Beutler, A. I.,de la Motte, S. J.,DiStefano, M. J.,Marshall, S. W.(2015).The landing error scoring system as a screening tool for an anterior Cruciate ligament Injury-Prevention program in elite-youth soccer athletes.Journal of Athletic Training,50(6),589-595.
8. Schmitz, R. J.,Shultz, S. J.,Nguyen, A.D.(2009).Dynamic Valgus alignment and functional strength in males and females during maturation.Journal of Athletic Training,44(1),26-32.
9. Yu, B.,McClure, S.B.,Onate, J.A.,Guskiewicz, K.M.,Kirkendall, D.T.,Garrett, W.E.(2005).Age and gender effects on lower extremity Kinematics of youth soccer players in a stop-jump task.American Journal of Sports Medicine,33(9),1356-1364.
10. 黃建智(2011)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，國立陽明大學物理治療暨輔助科技學系。