空手道對打團體賽的體重優勢及勝敗方的技法運用

The use of attacking skills and weight advantage in karate team kumite

王彥中(Yen-Chung Wang)；劉有德(Yeou-The Liu)

比賽表現分析 ； 技法表現 ； 得分效益 ； 級別差異 ； performance analysis in sport ； attack performance ； Scoring effect ； weight class

輔仁大學體育學刊

20期（2021 / 07 / 31）

22 - 33

繁體中文

緒論：中華空手道選手近年來在國際大賽的個人對打項目不斷創造佳績，但在團體賽的表現始終未能突破。1970年首屆世界空手道錦標賽中便有對打的個人與團體賽，但直至目前為止，仍少有團體對打的相關研究文獻。本研究旨在探討空手道團體賽中相對體重量級對戰與勝負間的關聯，並比較勝負方在不同攻擊動作的表現。方法：以2016、2018世界錦標賽、世界大學錦標賽四強賽共34場比賽為研究對象，自YOUTUBE頻道截取影片進行標記，將比賽勝負結果與對戰選手相對體重量級進行卡方獨立性檢定，並對各攻擊動作在勝負方之攻擊表現以重複量數二因子變異數分析進行統計考驗。結果：重量級選手在比賽當中比輕量級選手更有優勢；勝負結果對攻擊次數、成功數、成功率、得分數，及得分率均達顯著差異，除了攻擊次數是敗方較多外，其餘攻擊表現均為勝方顯著多於負方。四種攻擊動作間僅在得分數未達顯著效果，其餘均為手部攻擊表現高於腳部。結論：在團體賽中，體重量級較重選手勝率較高，練習應該提升攻擊準確度，減少無謂的攻擊，提升成功率，本次研究僅以手、腳攻擊在勝敗方的表現進行觀察紀錄，未來研究除可將摔技分開紀錄外，亦可結合不同量級的攻擊表現及個人賽中不同體重量級的攻擊表現，提供訓練的參考。

Introduction: The Chinese Taipei's karate players have continued to make great achievements in individual kumite in international competitions in recent years. Their team kumite, however, have never been able to break through. There have been individual and team competitions since the first World Karate Championships in 1970, but few researches on the performance of team competition have been reported since then. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between the weight classes and the results of the Kumite bout in team competitions as well as the influences of different techniques on the attacking performances for the winners and losers. Method: Thirty-four bouts of the semi-final and final matches of the 2016, 2018 Karate World Championships and the FISU World University Karate Championships were used for analysis. The competition videos were recorded from the YouTube channel for data collection. The chi-square test of independence was used to examine the association between the relative weight classes and the result of the bout, and the 2-way repeated measure ANOVAs were used on the performances of different techniques and the result of the bout. Results: The heavier weight players had an advantage over the lighter weight players in the competition. There was significant effect of the outcome of the bouts on the number of attacks, the number of success, the success rate, the points scored, and the scoring rate. Except for the number of attacks where the winners performed significantly fewer than their opponents, winners consistently outperformed the defeated in the other four performance indicators. The attacking techniques of the hands were significantly superior than those of the legs except for the points scored. Conclusions: In team kumite, there is a heavier weight advantage on winning the bouts, and the attacking effectiveness should be emphasized in daily practice in order to increase the success rate. The present study only analyzed the attacking performance of the hands and legs, future research may include throwing technique and analyze the attacking performance of different combinations of weight classes as well as different weight classes of individual kumite to provide information for training.

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