题名 |
性別與視覺:從穆時英到張愛玲小說的「視覺性」變化 |
并列篇名 |
Gender and Gaze: The Transformation of Visuality from Mu Shiying's Novels to Eileen Chang's Novels |
作者 |
梁慕靈(Rebecca Mo-Ling Leung) |
关键词 |
性別 ; 視覺 ; 視覺性 ; 穆時英 ; 張愛玲 ; gender ; gaze ; visuality ; Mu Shiying ; Eileen Chang |
期刊名称 |
中國現代文學 |
卷期/出版年月 |
27期(2015 / 06 / 20) |
页次 |
183 - 208 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
中國三、四○年代興起的現代主義思潮,為中國現代文學場域引入了具有殖民主義文學特質的小說,當中的視覺意識在不同程度上影響了劉吶鷗、穆時英和張愛玲的小說。在劉吶鷗把西方和日本殖民主義文學翻譯到中國時,他同時就引入了當中男性殖民者帶有「凝視」特質的觀看意識。其後穆時英受到他的翻譯作品和創作的影響,進一步「模擬」並發展出有別於殖民主義文學和劉吶鷗的「視覺化」表述方法,並因此塑造了小說中常見的「摩登女性」和「傳統女性」兩種形象。穆時英的小說承接了劉吶鷗引入的「視覺化」表述方法,卻由於他身處的位置跟殖民者不同,同時亦跟劉吶鷗具有多元文化背景的出身相異,因此在他的作品中流露出與上述兩者不同的「本土男性」心理。直至四○年代,張愛玲一方面繼續發展這種具視覺意識的小說表現模式,另一方面則以女性的角度,改變了由劉吶鷗和穆時英小說發展而來的男性視覺意識,除了於小說中為被觀看的女性爭取表述自身的機會,亦把注視的焦點反投在文本中男性觀察者的身上,進一步發展了這種新的小說表述模式。 |
英文摘要 |
In the 1930s-1940s, Modernism gained popularity in China, which, in turn, contributed to the emergence of colonial novels in Chinese literature. During this period, the novels of Liu Na'ou, Mu Shiying, and Eileen Chang were subjected to the influence of visuality to varying degrees. While Liu Na'ou was translating colonial literature from the Western countries and Japan, he assumed the male colonists' perspective and their gaze simultaneously. Due to the influence of Liu Na'ou's translation and writing, Mu Shiying started to "emulate" the technique. He then proceeded to develop an alternative form of visual expression deviated from that in colonial literature and Liu Na'ou's novels. This also resulted in the depiction of "modern women" and "traditional women" as two common forms of female representation in the novels. On the one hand, Mu Shiying strived to integrate Liu Na'ou's approach of visual expression into his novel writing. On the other hand, the lack of shared identity with the colonists and the absence of Liu Na'ou's multicultural background drove him to develop his own distinct style of visual expression. Hence, Mu Shiying's novels showed a strong sense of "local male identity" instead. In the 1940s, Eileen Chang further developed the technique of visual expression in her novels. By adopting a female perspective, she transformed the male-oriented visual expression featured in the novels of Liu Na'ou and Mu Shiying. Women who had long been characterized as the observed rose to become the narrators with increasing opportunity of self-expression. In addition, the direction of gaze was reverted back to the male observers themselves. This also further consolidated the new trend of expression in novel writing. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
中國文學 |
参考文献 |
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