澳門現代主義詩中的「詩史」傳統

The Shishi Tradition of Macanese Modernist Poetry

區仲桃(C. T. Au)

澳門現代主義詩 ； 「詩史」傳統 ； 陶里 ； Macanese Modernist poetry ； Shishi tradition ； Tao Li

中國現代文學

41期（2022 / 06 / 20）

67 - 91

繁體中文

澳門文學的發展若說可以跟西方文學思潮相提並論的大概要數八、九十年代出現的澳門現代主義詩潮。澳門現代主義研究深受近年西方現代主義論述發展的影響，把過去一直備受忽略的傳統和現代主義的關係重新關注起來。其中包括「詩史」傳統在澳門現代主義詩中的轉化。本文的主要目的有二，除了分析澳門現代主義詩人如何通過繼承和轉化「詩史」傳統，為自己建立一個心靈的居所，甚至是一個身份外，還會說明澳門「詩史」的獨特時間觀念。澳門的「詩史」傾向把「過去」、「現在」及「未來」三個時間點同時放進作品裡，由此帶出事物背後所包含的普遍性真理。這種獨特的「詩史」時間觀是由北宋詩人邵雍提出來的。本文會以四位澳門現代主義詩人－陶里、葦明、淘空了及懿靈－的詩作為例說明問題。由於陶里創作「詩史」的數量及對歷史的關注都比其他三位詩人較多，所以本文較側重分析陶里的作品。

When comparing the development of Macanese literature with that of its Western counterparts, the Macanese modernist movement that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s is a key point of reference. The study of Macanese modernism has benefited from the recent development of modernist studies, which has, for example, highlighted the intimate relationship between modernisms and tradition. The transformation of the shishi (poetry as history) tradition in Macanese modernist poetry is a case in point. The aims of this essay are twofold. First, I will examine the ways in which Macanese modernist poets try to find their homes and identities by transforming the shishi tradition. Second, I will argue that instead of recording historical events meticulously, the Macanese shishi tradition promotes a unique way of perceiving time, which incorporates the three dimensions of time (past, present and future) into shishi in order to manifest the universal meaning behind different things. This time perception in shishi was in fact advocated by Shao Yong, a Northern Song poet. The Macanese modernist poets chosen for this study - namely, Tao Li, Wei Ming, Tao Kong Le, and Yi Ling - are interested in combining history with poetry, but comparatively speaking, Tao Li seems to have been more drawn to the shishi tradition than the others considering the large number of shishi he composed. Also, Tao Li was keen on exploring the meaning of history. Hence, while I will use examples from the work of all four of these Macanese modernist poets and explain how they inherit and transform the shishi tradition, the focus will be on Tao Li's works.

1. 曾守仁(2015)。國體、文體與抒情─從詩史到神韻。東華漢學，21，31-100。
   連結：
2. 黃自鴻(2007)。杜甫「詩史」定義的繁衍現象。漢學研究，25(1)，189-220。
   連結：
3. 《澳門記憶》https://www.macaumemory.mo/index，瀏覽日期：2022.3.23。
4. (2005).集體死亡.澳門:邊度有書書籍.
5. (2008).墨痕深處：文學‧歷史‧記憶論集.香港:牛津大學出版社.
6. Anderson, Perry(1962).Portugal and the End of Ultra-Colonialism 2.New Left Review,16,88-123.
7. Au、 C. T., Chung-to(2008).Modernist Aesthetics in Taiwanese Poetry since the 1950s.Leiden:Brill.
8. Au、 C. T., Chung-to(2020).The Hong Kong Modernism of Leung Ping-kwan.Lanham, MD:Lexington Books.
9. Bradbury, Malcolm(ed.),McFarlane, James(ed.)(1976).Modernism: A Guide to European Literature 1890-1930.London:Penguin Books Ltd..
10. Brooker, Peter(ed.)(2010).The Oxford Hand book of Modernisms.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
11. Coates, Austin(1987).A Macao Narrative.Hong Kong:Oxford University Press.
12. Eysteinsson, Astradur(ed.),Liska, Vivian(ed.)(2007).Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages.Antwerp:John Benjamins.
13. Gasiorek, Andrzej(2015).A History of Modernist Literature.Hoboken:Wiley-Blackwell.
14. Huang, Chun-chieh(1995).Time and space in Chinese Culture.Leiden:E. J. Brill.
15. Kolocotroni, Vassiliki(ed.)(1998).Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
16. Moraña, Mabel(ed.),Jáuregui, Carlos A.(ed.)(2008).Revisiting the Colonial Question in Latin America.Madrid:Iberoamericana.
17. Newitt, Malyn(2005).A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668.London:Routledge.
18. Newitt, Malyn(2009).Portugal in European and World History.London:Reaktion Books Ltd.
19. Pons, Philippe(2002).Macao.Hong Kong:Hong Kong University Press.
20. Porter, Jonathan(1996).Macau: The Imaginary City.Oxford:Westview Press.
21. 王德威(2017)。現代中國文論芻議：以「詩」、「興」、「詩史」為題。中國文化研究所學報，65，285-309。
22. 李觀鼎(2002).論澳門現代文學批評.北京:作家出版社.
23. 查燦長(2006).轉型、變項與傳播：澳門早期現代文化研究.廣東:廣東人民出版社.
24. 徐薩斯, Montalto,黃鴻釗（譯）,李保平（譯）(2000).歷史上的澳門.澳門:澳門基金會.
25. 馬博良(2011).焚琴的浪子.香港:麥穗出版.
26. 張暉(2016).中國「詩史」傳統.北京:生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店.
27. 淘空了(1994).黃昏的解答.澳門:澳門五月詩社.
28. 淘空了(1998).黃昏的再版畫.澳門:澳門五月詩社.
29. 陳國球(1998)。煅鍊物情時得意，新詩還有百來篇：邵雍《擊壤集》詩學思想探析。嶺南大學中文系系刊，5，33-52。
30. 陳國球(2013).抒情中國論.香港:三聯書店.
31. 陶里(2003).過澳門歷史檔案館.澳門:濠江中學出版.
32. 陶里(1995).從作品談澳門作家.澳門:澳門基金會.
33. 黃鴻釗(1999).澳門簡史.香港:三聯書店.
34. 葦鳴(1995).無心眼集.香港:詩雙月刊出版社.
35. 葦鳴(1998).傳說.香港:蓮峰書舍.
36. 鄭妙冰(2004).澳門：殖民地滄桑中的文化雙面神.香港:明報出版社.
37. 懿靈(2005).集體死亡.澳門:邊度有書書籍.
38. 懿靈(1990).流動島.香港:詩坊出版.