「返鄉」衍異：「大眾」話語的變遷－從魯迅〈故鄉〉到艾蕪《故鄉》、沙汀《還鄉記》

The Growth of "Returning to Hometown": Changes in "the crowd" Discourse-From Lu Xun's "Hometown" to Ai Wu's Hometown and Sha Ting's Returning Home Records

鄧斐然(DENG Fei-Ran)

魯迅 ； 返鄉 ； 大眾話語 ； 艾蕪 ； 沙汀 ； 國統區左翼 ； Lu Xun ； returning to hometown ； the crowd discourse ； Ai Wu ； Sha Ting ； KMT-controlled areas left-wing

中國現代文學

45期（2024 / 06 / 20）

265 - 290

繁體中文;英文

本文討論魯迅〈故鄉〉所開啟的「返鄉」書寫系譜，尤其從大眾呈現的角度聚焦艾蕪、沙汀在四○年代國統區的「返鄉」再寫。「返鄉」提供了一種知識分子回鄉接近大眾的文本形式。在二○年代啟蒙主義認識裝置之下，「返鄉」是啟蒙知識分子「獨異個人」返鄉面對大眾「庸眾」的啟蒙故事。三○年代之後，在馬克思主義、延安「講話」的認識裝置之下，「返鄉」與大眾都呈現了相當不同的「風景」。在國統區再寫「返鄉」的左翼作家艾蕪、沙汀，各自體悟延安「講話」，呈現了「同中有異」的「返鄉」。「同」在於都銘刻了大眾浮現此一趨勢，將啟蒙故事扭轉為階級鬥爭故事，由此也打破了魯迅「返鄉」的自傳體形式。「異」則在於對大眾面貌、大眾的啟蒙覺醒的路徑、大眾與知識分子的關係有不同的呈現。

This article discusses the genealogy of "returning to homeland"「返鄉」in literature, which was initiated by Lu Xun's "Hometown"〈故鄉〉. It focuses on the relationship between intellectuals and the crowd, with a particular emphasis on Ai Wu's and Sha Ting's "returning to homeland" writing in the 1940s. "returning to homeland" offers a textual form through which intellectuals to connect with the crowd. In the context of the Enlightenment apparatus of the 1920s, "returning to homeland" becomes an Enlightenment narrative where intellectuals, seen as "singular individuals" return to homeland to face the crowd "the masses". However, with the advent of Marxism, particularly after the Yan'an Speech, the landscape of "returning to homeland" and the crowd undergoes significant changes. In the KMT-controlled area, the narratives of "returning to homeland" by left-wing writers like Ai Wu and Sha Ting present nuanced insights, showcasing a landscape where the "sameness" contains "differences". The "sameness" lies in the incarnation of the advent of the crowd which transforms "returning to homeland" from Enlightenment stories into class struggle stories, thereby shattering the autobiographical form of Lu Xun's "returning to homeland". The "differences" manifest in the varied depictions of the appearance of the crowd, the paths of their enlightenment awakening, and the dynamics of the relationship between the crowd and intellectuals.