試論近代漢語i介音的增生現象

Emergence of Medial [i] in Modern Chinese

10.30407/BDCL.201312_(20).0005

李千慧(Qian-Hui Li)

二等開口牙喉音 ； i介音 ； 近代漢語 ； 由洪轉細 ； 由洪變細 ； the second grade of velars ； medial [i] ； Mandarin Chinese ； epenthesis of glide

政大中文學報

20期（2013 / 12 / 01）

137 - 159

繁體中文

The historical period from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty is critical for the development of Chinese phonology. Many phonological phenomena in modern dialects can date back to Song Dynasty. During that time, diachronic sound changers across dialects can be observed, and found in the rhyme books and rhyme tables in Ming Dynasty. This paper aims to examine the special medial [i] which involves composition of onsets, rhymes and syllables. I will mainly focus on the diachronic alternations of the medial [i] so as to tease out the historical phonological changes since Song Dynasty. The medial [i] which is absent in Middle Chinese may appear in Modern Chinese, when the onset is the second grade (i.e. category) of velars, as shown in example (1) and (2): (1) kɔŋ ＞ ʨiaŋ jiang (江) 'big river' (2) ɣɔŋ ＞ ɕiaŋ xiang (巷) 'alley' Other examples include words such as jie (皆) 'all,' jie (佳) 'good,' jian (間) 'room' and jan (眼) 'eyes'. One of the Chinese rhyme books in Yuan Dynasty, Zhong Yuan Yin Yun, made no difference among the second grade of velars (e.g. jiang 江 'big river', jiang 講 'speak', kang 港 'harbor') and the third grade (e.g. jing 京 'capital', jing 驚 'surprise', jiang 姜 'person's name') and the fourth grade (e.g. jing 徑 'route', jing 涇 'name of a river'). Other two rhyme books (c.a. 1442-1642 A.D) in Ming Dynasty also report a similar pattern of the medial [i]. Taking examples from Four-Sound Deng Zi in Song Dynasty, Zhong Yuan Yin Yun (1324 A.D) in Yuan Dynasty, Yun Lue Yi Tong (1442 A.D) and Yun Lue Hui Tong (1642 A.D) in Ming Dynasty, this paper aims to examine the development of the medial [i] and its interplay with structures of onsets, rhymes and syllables.

The historical period from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty is critical for the development of Chinese phonology. Many phonological phenomena in modern dialects can date back to Song Dynasty. During that time, diachronic sound changers across dialects can be observed, and found in the rhyme books and rhyme tables in Ming Dynasty. This paper aims to examine the special medial [i] which involves composition of onsets, rhymes and syllables. I will mainly focus on the diachronic alternations of the medial [i] so as to tease out the historical phonological changes since Song Dynasty. The medial [i] which is absent in Middle Chinese may appear in Modern Chinese, when the onset is the second grade (i.e. category) of velars, as shown in example (1) and (2): (1) kɔŋ ＞ ʨiaŋ jiang (江) 'big river' (2) ɣɔŋ ＞ ɕiaŋ xiang (巷) 'alley' Other examples include words such as jie (皆) 'all,' jie (佳) 'good,' jian (間) 'room' and jan (眼) 'eyes'. One of the Chinese rhyme books in Yuan Dynasty, Zhong Yuan Yin Yun, made no difference among the second grade of velars (e.g. jiang 江 'big river', jiang 講 'speak', kang 港 'harbor') and the third grade (e.g. jing 京 'capital', jing 驚 'surprise', jiang 姜 'person's name') and the fourth grade (e.g. jing 徑 'route', jing 涇 'name of a river'). Other two rhyme books (c.a. 1442-1642 A.D) in Ming Dynasty also report a similar pattern of the medial [i]. Taking examples from Four-Sound Deng Zi in Song Dynasty, Zhong Yuan Yin Yun (1324 A.D) in Yuan Dynasty, Yun Lue Yi Tong (1442 A.D) and Yun Lue Hui Tong (1642 A.D) in Ming Dynasty, this paper aims to examine the development of the medial [i] and its interplay with structures of onsets, rhymes and syllables.

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