以計劃行為理論探討廠商接受產業輔導政策之差異－以台灣中小企業為例

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain the Difference in Accepting Guidance Policy of Enterprises: A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Taiwan

蔡群儀(Tsai, Chiun-Yi)

產業政策評估 ； 中小企業 ； 政策知覺 ； 計劃行為理論 ； Evaluation of industrial policy ； Small and medium enterprises（SMEs） ； Perception of policies ； Theory of planned behavior

人文與社會學報

3卷6期（2017 / 05 / 01）

43 - 75

繁體中文

本研究之目的為探討中小企業的政策知覺差異對其接受政策意圖之影響，以及廠商接受政策意圖與績效對於廠商調整管理決策行為之影響，採用Ajzen（1991）計劃行為理論為主要架構，透過衡量廠商態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制，及其所形成的意圖以了解廠商的政策知覺及接受中小企業輔導政策程度與廠商績效之關係，作為產業政策評估參考。本研究的研究對象為台灣地區中小企業，並以「中小企業發展條例」相關政策為例，依產業別比例進行分層抽樣，透過問卷進行資料蒐集。本研究依研究目的對144 份有效樣本進行複迴歸分析，研究結果發現廠商的政策知覺會對接受政策意圖有顯著影響，且廠商接受政策意圖與經營績效對其實際接受政策以調整管理決策方面有顯著影響。

The purpose of this study is inquiring into the relation between perception of the policies of small and medium enterprises（SMEs）and intention of policy acceptance of enterprises, and intention of policy acceptance of enterprises and performance to affection of management behaviors through accepting policies practically. Based on theory of planned behavior（Ajzen,1991）, in order to understand the relation among these dimensions of attitude, subjective norm and perceive behavior control, acceptance degree of guidance policies and performance of SMEs, this study measures SMEs intention composed of attitude, subjective norm and perceive behavior control. The objects in this study are small and medium enterprises in Taiwan, and we carry on the collection of the data through the method of the questionnaires mailed. The study draws samples according to the ratio of various industries, and analyzes data through regression, and the major conclusions include: 1. The perception of the policies would affect significantly intention of policy acceptance of enterprises. 2. Intention of the policy acceptance and performance of enterprises would affect significantly management behaviors through accepting policies practically.

1. Huang, J. J.,Lin, C. X.(2013).Using the Theory of Planed Behavior to Explain the Continuous Use Behavior of the Digital Divide.International Journal of Commerce and Strategy,5(1),57-78.
   連結：
2. 黃日鉦、林承賢(2013)。以計劃行為理論探討縮短數位落差之持續使用行為。商略學報，5(1)，57-78。
   連結：
3. 瞿宛文(2001)。臺灣產業政策成效之初步評估。台灣社會研究季刊，42，67-111。
   連結：
4. 瞿宛文(2011)。民主化與經濟發展─台灣發展型國家的不成功轉型。台灣社會研究季刊，84，243-288。
   連結：
5. Ajzen, I. (2006). TPB Measurement: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations. http://www.people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf. Revised January.
6. Ajzen, I.(1988).Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior.Chicago:Dorsey Presss.
7. Ajzen, I.(1985).From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior.Heidelberg:Springer.
8. Ajzen, I.(2002).Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and Reasoned Action Perspectives.Personality and Social Psychology Review,6,107-122.
9. Ajzen, I.(1991).The Theory of Planned Behavior.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,50,179-211.
10. Ajzen, I.,Fishbein, M.(2005).The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior.N.J.:Erlbaum.
11. Ajzen, I.,Fishbein, M.(1980).Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior.N.Y.:Prentice-Hall.
12. Ajzen, I.,Madden, T. J.(1986).Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, Intentions, and Perceived Behavioral Control.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,22,453-474.
13. Armitage, C. J.,Conner, M.(2001).Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic review.British Journal of Social Psychology,40,471-499.
14. Bagozzi, R. P.,Ue, H. M.,VanLoo, M. E.(2001).Decisions to donate bone marrow: The Role of Attitudes and Subjective Norms across Cultures.Psychology and Health,16,29-56.
15. Bamberg, S.,Ajzen, I.,Schmidt, P.(2003).Choice of Travel Mode in TPB: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,25,175-188.
16. Bandura, A.(1982).Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency.American Psychologist,37,122-147.
17. Bandura, A.(1986).Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.N.Y.:Prentice-Hall.
18. Beal, R. M.,Masoud, Y. A.(2000).Performance Implication of Aligning CEO Functional Experience with Competitive Strategies.Journal of Management,26(4),733-762.
19. Chu, W. W.(2009).Can Taiwan's Second Movers Upgrade via Branding?.Research Policy,38,1054-1065.
20. Duan, W. T.,Jiang, G. R.(2008).A Review of the Theory of Planned Behavior.Advances in Psychological Science,16(2),315-320.
21. Grant, R. M.(1991).The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implication for Strategy Formulation.California Management Review,33(3),114-136.
22. Hill, C.W.,Jonse, G. R.(2001).Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach.Boston, MA:Houghton Mifflin Publishing.
23. Kotey, B.,Meredith, G. G.(1997).Relationships among Owner/Manager Personal Values, Business Strategues, and Enterprise Performance.Journal of Small Business Management,35(2),37-61.
24. Kotler, P.,Lee, N.(2007).Marketing in the Public Sector: A Roadmap for Improved Performance.N. J.:Pearson Education Inc..
25. Lumpkin, G. T.,Dess, G. G.(1996).Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance, Academy of management.The Academy of management Review,21(1),135-172.
26. Murphy, G.B.,Trailer, J.W.,Hill, R. C.(1996).Measuring Performance in Entrepreneurship Research.Journal of Business Research,36(1),15-26.
27. Porter, M. E.(1985).Competitive Advantage.N.Y.:The Free Press.
28. Rhodes, R. E.,Courneya, K. S.(2003).Investigating Multiple Components of Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control: An Examination of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Exercise Domain.British Journal of Social Psychology,42,129-146.
29. Rogers, E. M.(1983).Diffusion of Innovations.N.Y.:Free Press.
30. Schiffman, L. G.,Kanuk, L. L.(2000).Consumer Behavior.N.J.:Prentice Hall.
31. Taylor, S.,Todd, P.(1995).Decomposition and Crossover Effect in the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Study of Consumer Adoption Intentions.Intentional Journal of Research in Marketing,12,137-155.
32. Teas, R. K.,Sanjeev, A.(2000).The Effect of Extrinsic Product Cues on Consumers' Perceptions of Quality Sacrifice, and Value.Journal of Academy of Marketing Science,Spring,278-290.
33. Triandis, H. C.(1979).Values, Attitudes, and Interpersonal Behavior.Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,NE:
34. Venkatraman, N.,Ramanujam, V.(1986).Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches.Academy of Management Review,11(4),801-815.
35. Wade, R.(1990).Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asia Industrialization.Princeton:Princeton UP..
36. Yousafzai, S. Y.,Foxall, G. R.,Pallister, J. G.(2010).Explaining internet banking behavior: theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, or technology acceptance model.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,40(2),1172-1202.
37. 于宗先、王金利(2012)。臺灣產業發展何去何從。台北:聯經出版事業股份有限公司。
38. 王振寰(2010)。追趕的極限─台灣的經濟轉型與創新。台北:巨流出版社。
39. 司徒達賢(1995)。策略管理。台北:遠流出版公司。
40. 吳淑鶯、陳瑞和(2006)。計劃行為理論應用於網路書店購買行為之研究。中華管理評論國際學報，9(4)，1-23。
41. 祈華清(2000)。論產業政策的有效性。武漢交通科技大學學報，13(2)，1-4。
42. 張育哲(2008)。地方經濟發展政策：歷史、理論、與台灣現況調查。台北:韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。
43. 黃旭平、唐振龍(2000)。產業政策的效應偏差分析。湘潭大學學報，24，81-82。
44. 楊渟渟(2015)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。中央大學企業管理學系。
45. 經濟部(2016)。2016 中小企業白皮書。台北:經濟部中小企業處。
46. 趙大暉、盧鳳君(2000)。產業政策對可持續發展的作用關係分析方法研究。廣西大學學報，22(2)，33-37。
47. 劉邦典(1993)。政府經濟政策與中小企業之發展。臺灣經濟，203，1-12。
48. 鄭自隆(2011)。政策宣導效果指標之建構。廣告學研究，36，1-30。
49. 鄭凱方、吳惠林(2001)。中小企業環境發展的檢討與展望。自由中國之工業，1-28。
50. 蕭峰雄(2001)。我國產業政策與產業發展。台北:植根雜誌社。