穿梭虛擬世界的遊戲少年：他／她們的社會資本之累積與轉換

Accumulation and Exchange of Social Capital: Teenage Gamers among Their Families, School, and Game World

10.6195/cjcr.2013.23.06

張玉佩(Yu-Pei Chang)

少年 ； 民族誌研究 ； 社會資本 ； 社會網絡 ； 線上遊戲 ； youth gamer ； ethnography ； social capital ； social network ； online game

中華傳播學刊

23期（2013 / 06 / 01）

195 - 227

繁體中文

本文以「社會資本」為核心概念，運用其所屬之「網絡」、「規範」與「資源」概念為分析架構，串連少年玩家在家庭、學校與線上遊戲等三個場域間的資源分配、累積與轉換。研究採取民族誌田野研究方法，進入國小，實地觀察與訪談教師與重度玩家。研究發現，現實資源與虛擬資源透過線上遊戲的仲介而存在轉換關係；家庭社會資本稀少的弱勢玩家，為享受同儕玩伴的情感支持，會策略性地透過資源轉換，以獲取遊戲網絡所需的虛擬資源。

The game generation is growing rapidly, and digital-age native gamers use online games as a social forum. Social capital is the key concept of this article for exploring the accumulation and exchange of resources among gamers' families, schools, and game worlds. To understand youth networks in online and offline social contexts, I adopt ethnography, field observation, and interviews of sixth grade elementary school students as my research methods. Overall, the findings of this study sketch a lively image of youth gamers who exchanged their resources, based on their original social capital, between the real world and the virtual world.

1. 林宇玲(2007)。偏遠地區學童的電玩實踐與性別建構─以台北縣烏來地區某國小六年級學童為例。新聞學研究，90，43-99。
   連結：
2. 孫春在(2011)。當數位遊戲進入校園。新聞學研究，108，33-39。
   連結：
3. 張玉佩(2011)。線上遊戲之閱聽人愉悅經驗探索。中華傳播學刊，19，61-95。
   連結：
4. Hanifan, L. J. (1916). The rural school community center. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 67, 130-138
5. Simmel, G. (1949). The sociology of sociability. American Journal of Sociology, 55, 254-261.
6. Abercrombie, N.,Longhurst, B.(1998).Audiences: A sociological theory of performance and imagination.London:Sage.
7. Anderson, C. A.(2004).An update on the effects of playing violent video games.Journal of Adolescence,27,113-122.
8. Anderson, C. A.,Bushman, B. J.(2001).Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature.Psychological Science,12,353-359.
9. Ang, C. S.,Zaphiris, P.,Wilson, S.(2010).Computer games and sociocultural play: An activity theoretical perspective.Games and Culture,5,354-380.
10. Ang, I.(1985).Watching Dallas: Soap opera and the melodramatic imagination.London:Methuen.
11. Berge, B. L.(2009).Qualitative research methods for the social sciences.San Francisco, CA:Allyn & Bacon.
12. Blaikie, N.(1995).Approaches to social enquiry.Cambridge, MA:Blackwell.
13. Cameron, D.,Carroll, J.(2004)."The story so far...": The researcher as a player in game analysis.Media International Australia, Incorporating Culture & Policy,110,62-72.
14. Carr, D.,Sachott, G.,Burn, A.,Buckingham, D.(2004).Doing game studies: A multi-method approach to the study of textuality, interactivity and narrative space.Media International Australia, Incorporating Culture & Policy,110,19-30.
15. Castronova, E.(2005).Synthetic world: The business and culture of online games.Chicago, IL:The university of Chicago Press.
16. Coleman, J. S.(1988).Social capital in the creation of human capital.American Journal of Sociology,94,S95-S120.
17. Daphne, M. K.(2000).Interviewing: A practical guide for students and professionals.Sydney, Australia:University of New South Wales Press.
18. Durkin, K.,Barber, B.(2002).Not so doomed: Computer game play and positive adolescent development.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,23,373-392.
19. Fields, D. A.,Kafai, Y. B.(2010).Knowing and throwing mudballs, hearts, pies, and flowers: A connective ethnography of gaming practices.Games and Culture,5,88-115.
20. Funk, J. B.,Flores, G.,Buchman, D. D.,Germann, J. N.(1999).Rating electronic games: Violence is in the eye of the beholder.Youth & Society,30,283-312.
21. Geertz, C.(1973).The interpretation of cultures.New York:Basic Books.
22. Goldstein, J.(1999).The attractions of violent entertainment.Media Psychology,3,271-282.
23. Gosling, V. K.,Crawford, G.(2011).Game scenes: Theorizing digital game audiences.Games and Culture,6,135-154.
24. Grabowski, A.,Kruszewska, N.,Kosiński, R. A.(2008).Dynamic phenomena and human activity in an artificial society.Physical Review E,78(6),1-10.
25. Griffiths, M. D.,Hunt, N.(1998).Dependence on computer games by adolescents.Psychological Reports,82,475-480.
26. Grossman, D.,Degaetano, G.(1999).Stop teaching our kids to kill.New York:Crown.
27. Hobson, D.(1982).Crossroad: The drama of a soap opera.London:Methuen.
28. Huysman, M.,Wulf, V.(2004).Social capital and information technology: Current debates and research.Social capital and information technology,Cambridge, MA:
29. Jansz, J.,Martens, L.(2005).Gaming at a LAN event: The social context of playing video games.New Media & Society,7,333-355.
30. Katz, E.,Liebes, T.(1984).Once upon a time, in Dallas.Intermedia,12,28-32.
31. Kerr, A.(2006).The business and culture of digital games.London:Sage.
32. Laird, E.(2003).I'm your teacher, not your Internet service provider.The Education Digest,68(1),41-44.
33. Lucas, K.,Sherry, J. L.(2004).Sex differences in video game play: A communication-based explanation.Communication Research,31,499-523.
34. Orleans, M.,Laney, M. C.(2000).Children's computer use in the home: Isolation or sociation?.Social Science Computer Review,18,56-72.
35. Peña, J.,Hancock, J. T.(2006).An analysis of socioemotional and task communication in on line multiplayer video games.Communication Research,33,92-109.
36. Portes, A.(1998).Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology.Annual Review of Sociology,24,1-24.
37. Preece, J.(2001).Sociability and usability in online communities: Determinants and measuring success.Behaviour & Information Technology,20,347-356.
38. Prensky, M.(2001).Digital natives, digital immigrants: Part 1..On the Horizon,9(5),1-6.
39. Putnam, R. D.(1995).Bowling alone: America's declining social capital.Journal of Democracy,6(1),65-78.
40. Quandt, T.,Grueninger, H.,Wimmer, J.(2009).The gray haired gaming generation: Findings from an explorative interview study on older computer gamers.Games and Culture,4,27-46.
41. Radway, J.(1987).Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy and popular literature.London:Verso.
42. Richardson, J. G.(Ed.)(1985).Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education.New York:Greenwood.
43. Rojek, C.(2005).Leisure theory: Principles and practices.New York:Palgrace Macmillan.
44. Sherry, J. L.(2004).Flow and media enjoyment.Communication Theory,14,328-347.
45. Silverstone, R.(1994).Television and everyday life.London:Routledge.
46. Zillmann, D.(Ed.),Vorderer, P.(Ed.)(2000).Media entertainment: The psychology of its appeal.Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
47. 王煥琛、柯華葳(1999)。青少年心理學。台北市:心理。
48. 周平編、蔡宏政編(2008)。日常生活的質性研究。嘉義縣:南華大學教育社會學研究所。
49. 林宇玲(2008)。兒童與線上遊戲：性別建構與文化實踐─以台北縣偏遠地區學童玩《楓之谷》為例。教學科技與媒體，83，97-109。
50. 徐宗國譯、Strauss, A.、Corbin, J.(1997)。質性研究概論。台北市:巨流。
51. 陳智先(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。交通大學傳播研究所。

1. 陳斐卿、張鐵懷(2016)。小學生玩家展現的電玩實踐社群知識─以數學自由擬題為例。科學教育學刊，24(1)，31-55。
2. 錢宛青,張玉佩(2020)。邁向成功老化的可能：樂齡玩家、手機遊戲與社會互動。新聞學研究，143，1-53。
3. (2022)。穿梭虛實之間：上班族玩家在線上遊戲的社會資本運作之探討。中華傳播學刊，41，237-274。