题名

偏見同化效果：網路新聞不文明留言對態度極化的影響

并列篇名

Biased Assimilation Effect: How Uncivil News Comments Polarize Attitudes

DOI

10.6195/cjcr.201806_33.0004

作者

陳靜君(Ching-Chun Chen)；陶振超(Chen-Chao Tao)

关键词

不文明現象 ； 偏見同化 ； 態度極化 ； 網路新聞留言 ； incivility ； bias assimilation ； attitude polarization ； news comments

期刊名称

中華傳播學刊

卷期/出版年月

33期（2018 / 06 / 01）

页次

137 - 179

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

網路新聞不文明留言普遍，人們如何處理與既存態度不一致的訊息、新聞討論區能否體現公共領域的研究仍相當有限。本文以引發爭議的同性婚姻合法化為背景，採用線上調查實驗，從偏見同化理論的角度，探討網路新聞不文明留言是否加深態度極化。結果發現與既存態度不一致的訊息是人們產生態度極化的主要原因，且不文明和文明留言均會產生偏見同化，兩者偏見同化的效果沒有顯著差異。
英文摘要

Incivility abounds in news comments today, but few studies have investigated how individuals process incongruent messages or have examined whether news comment sections are viewed as the public sphere. This study examined the effect of uncivil comments on attitude polarization using an online survey experiment based on bias assimilation theory to investigate the views of survey participants regarding the controversial issue of same-sex marriage legalization. The results found that incongruent messages trigger the primary mechanism of bias assimilation. However, the tone of the messages caused no significant difference on the bias assimilation effect, with the effect appearing for both uncivil and civil messages.
主题分类 社會科學 > 傳播學
参考文献
  1. Andersen, R.,Fetner, T.(2008).Cohort differences in tolerance of homosexuality: Attitudinal change in Canada and the United States, 1981-2000.Public Opinion Quarterly,72,311-330.
  2. Anderson, A. A.,Brossard, D.,Scheufele, D. A.,Xenos, M. A.,Ladwig, P.(2014).The "nasty effect:" Online incivility and risk perceptions of emerging technologies.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,19,373-387.
  3. Barabas, J.,Jerit, J.(2010).Are survey experiments externally valid.American Political Science Review,104,226-242.
  4. Borah, P.(2014).Does it matter where you read the news story? Interaction of incivility and news frames in the political blogosphere.Communication Research,41,809-827.
  5. Boysen, G. A.,Vogel, D. L.(2007).Biased assimilation and attitude polarization in response to learning about biological explanations of homosexuality.Sex Roles,57,755-762.
  6. Brooks, D. J.,Geer, J. G.(2007).Beyond negativity: The effects of incivility on the electorate.American Journal of Political Science,51,1-16.
  7. Carpini, M. X. D.,Cook, F. L.,Jacobs, L. R.(2004).Public deliberation, discursive participation, and citizen engagement: A review of the empirical literature.Annual Review of Political Science,7,315-344.
  8. Carter, S. L.(1998).Civility: Manners, morals, and the etiquette of democracy.New York:Basic Books.
  9. Castellá, V. O.,Abad, A. M. Z.,Alonso, F. P.,Silla, J. M. P.(2000).The influence of familiarity among group members, group atmosphere and assertiveness on uninhibited behavior through three different communication media.Computers in Human Behavior,16,141-159.
  10. Chaiken, S.(1980).Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,39,752-766.
  11. Chen, G. M.(2017).Online incivility and public debate: Nasty talk.Basingstoke, UK:Palgrave Macmillan.
  12. Chen, G. M.,Ng, Y. M. M.(2016).Third-person perception of online comments: Civil ones persuade you more than me.Computers in Human Behavior,55,736-742.
  13. Cheng, Y.-H. A.,Wu, F.-C. F.,Adamczyk, A.(2016).Changing attitudes toward homosexuality in Taiwan, 1995-2012.Chinese Sociological Review,48,317-345.
  14. Chung, M.,Munno, G. J.,Moritz, B.(2015).Triggering participation: Exploring the effects of third-person and hostile media perceptions on online participation.Computers in Human Behavior,53,452-461.
  15. Coe, K.,Kenski, K.,Rains, S. A.(2014).Online and uncivil? Patterns and determinants of incivility in newspaper website comments.Journal of Communication,64,658-679.
  16. Cohen, J.,Davis, R. G.(1991).Third-person effects and the differential impact in negative political advertising.Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,68,680-688.
  17. Dahlberg, L.(2001).The Internet and democratic discourse: Exploring the prospects of online deliberative forums extending the public sphere.Information, Communication & Society,4,615-633.
  18. Dahlgren, P.(2005).The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation.Political Communication,22,147-162.
  19. Dursun, I.,Kabadayi, E. T.(2013).Resistance to persuasion in an anti-consumption context: Biased assimilation of positive product information.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,12,93-101.
  20. Edelmann, N.(2013).Reviewing the definitions of "lurkers" and some implications for online research.Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking,16,645-649.
  21. Edwards, K.,Smith, E. E.(1996).A disconfirmation bias in the evaluation of arguments.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71,5-24.
  22. Gaines, B. J.,Kuklinski, J. H.,Quirk, P. J.(2007).The logic of the survey experiment reexamined.Political Analysis,15,1-20.
  23. Gervais, B. T.(2014).Following the news? Reception of uncivil partisan media and the use of incivility in political expression.Political Communication,31,564-583.
  24. Hayes, A. F.(2015).An index and test of linear moderated mediation.Multivariate Behavioral Research,50,1-22.
  25. Hayes, A. F.(2017).Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach.New York:Guilford.
  26. Houston, J. B.,Hansen, G. J.,Nisbett, G. S.(2011).Influence of user comments on perceptions of media bias and third-person effect in online news.Electronic News,5,79-92.
  27. Hurrell, C.(2005).Shaping policy discourse in the public sphere: Evaluating civil speech in an online consultation.The Electronic Journal of e-Government,3,67-76.
  28. Hwang, H.,Borah, P.,Namkoong, K.,Veenstra, A. S.(2008).Does civility matter in the blogosphere? Examining the interaction effects of incivility and disagreement on citizen attitudes.58th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association,Montreal, Canada:
  29. Hwang, H.,Kim, Y.,Huh, C. U.(2014).Seeing is believing: Effects of uncivil online debate on political polarization and expectations of deliberation.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,58,621-633.
  30. James, K. E.,Hensel, P. J.(1991).Negative advertising: The malicious strain of comparative advertising.Journal of Advertising,20,53-69.
  31. Jerit, J.,Barabas, J.(2012).Partisan perceptual bias and the information environment.Journal of Politics,74,672-684.
  32. Kahn, K. F.,Kenney, P. J.(1999).Do negative campaigns mobilize or suppress turnout? Clarifying the relationship between negativity and participation.American Political Science Review,93,877-889.
  33. Ksiazek, T. B.(2015).Civil interactivity: How news organizations' commenting policies explain civility and hostility in user comments.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,59,556-573.
  34. Lee, E.-J.(2012).That's not the way it is: How user-generated comments on the news affect perceived media bias.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,18,32-45.
  35. Lee, E.-J.,Jang, Y. J.(2010).What do others' reactions to news on Internet portal sites tell us? Effects of presentation format and readers' need for cognition on reality perception.Communication Research,37,825-846.
  36. Lord, C. G.,Ross, L.,Lepper, M. R.(1979).Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37,2098-2109.
  37. McGraw, K. O.,Tew, M. D.,Williams, J. E.(2000).The integrity of Web-delivered experiments: Can you trust the data?.Psychological Science,11,502-506.
  38. McHoskey, J. W.(1995).Case closed? On the John F. Kennedy assassination: Biased assimilation of evidence and attitude polarization.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,17,395-409.
  39. Moor, P. J.,Heuvelman, A.,Verleur, R.(2010).Flaming on YouTube.Computers in Human Behavior,26,1536-1546.
  40. Mullinix, K. J.,Leeper, T. J.,Druckman, J. N.,Freese, J.(2015).The generalizability of survey experiments.Journal of Experimental Political Science,2,109-138.
  41. Munro, G. D.,Ditto, P. H.(1997).Biased assimilation, attitude polarization, and affect in reactions to stereotype-relevant scientific information.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,23,636-653.
  42. Munro, G. D.,Ditto, P. H.,Lockhart, L. K.,Fagerlin, A.,Gready, M.,Peterson, E.(2002).Biased assimilation of sociopolitical arguments: Evaluating the 1996 US presidential debate.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,24,15-26.
  43. Munro, G. D.,Zirpoli, J.,Schuman, A.,Taulbee, J.(2013).Third-party labels bias evaluations of political platforms and candidates.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,35,151-163.
  44. Mutz, D. C.(2007).Effects of "In-Your-Face" television discourse on perceptions of a legitimate opposition.American Political Science Review,101,621-635.
  45. Mutz, D. C.(2011).Population-based survey experiments.Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.
  46. Mutz, D. C.,Reeves, B.(2005).The new videomalaise: Effects of televised incivility on political trust.American Political Science Review,99,1-15.
  47. Papacharissi, Z.(2004).Democracy online: Civility, politeness, and the democratic potential of online political discussion groups.New Media & Society,6,259-283.
  48. Petty, R. E.,Cacioppo, J. T.(1984).The effects of involvement on response to argument quantity and quality: Central and peripheral routes to persuasion.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,46,69-81.
  49. Petty, R. E.,Cacioppo, J. T.,Schumann, D. W.(1983).Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement.Journal of Consumer Research,10,135-146.
  50. Plous, S.(1991).Biases in the assimilation of technological breakdowns: Do accidents make us safer?.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,21,1058-1082.
  51. Prochazka, F.,Weber, P.,Schweiger, W.(2018).Effects of civility and reasoning in user comments on perceived journalistic quality.Journalism Studies,19,62-78.
  52. Santana, A. D.(2014).Virtuous or vitriolic: The effects of anonymity on civility in online newspaper reader comment boards.Journalism Practice,8,18-33.
  53. Scherer, C. R.,Sagarin, B. J.(2006).Indecent influence: The positive effects of obscenity on persuasion.Social Influence,1,138-146.
  54. Shi, R.,Messaris, P.,Cappella, J. N.(2014).Effects of online comments on smokers' perception of antismoking public service announcements.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,19,975-990.
  55. Sniderman, P. M.,Grob, D. B.(1996).Innovations in experimental design in attitude surveys.Annual Review of Sociology,22,377-399.
  56. Sobieraj, S.,Berry, J. M.(2011).From incivility to outrage: Political discourse in blogs, talk radio, and cable news.Political Communication,28,19-41.
  57. Stroud, N. J.,Scacco, J. M.,Muddiman, A.,Curry, A. L.(2015).Changing deliberative norms on news organizations' Facebook sites.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,20,188-203.
  58. Tenenboim, O.,Cohen, A. A.(2015).What prompts users to click and comment: A longitudinal study of online news.Journalism,16,198-217.
  59. Thorson, K.,Vraga, E.,Ekdale, B.(2010).Credibility in context: How uncivil online commentary affects news credibility.Mass Communication and Society,13,289-313.
  60. Transue, J. E.,Lee, D. J.,Aldrich, J. H.(2009).Treatment spillover effects across survey experiments.Political Analysis,17,143-161.
  61. van Strien, J. L. H.,Kammerer, Y.,Brand-Gruwel, S.,Boshuizen, H. P. A.(2016).How attitude strength biases information processing and evaluation on the web.Computers in Human Behavior,60,245-252.
  62. Waddell, T. F.,Bailey, A.(2017).Inspired by the crowd: The effect of online comments on elevation and universal orientation.Communication Monographs,84,534-550.
  63. Winter, S.,Brückner, C.,Krämer, N. C.(2015).They came, they liked, they commented: Social influence on Facebook news channels.Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking,18,431-436.
  64. Winter, S.,Krämer, N. C.(2016).Who's right: The author or the audience? Effects of user comments and ratings on the perception of online science articles.Communications,41,339-360.
  65. Yun, G. W.,Park, S.-Y.(2011).Selective posting: Willingness to post a message online.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,16(2),201-227.
  66. Ziegele, M.,Jost, P. B.(2016).Not funny? The effects of factual versus sarcastic journalistic responses to uncivil user comments.Communication Research
被引用次数
  1. 魏玓(2020)。新冠肺炎的「新聞併發症」：媒體、政府與民眾的新三角關係。台灣社會研究季刊，117，199-215。
  2. (2020)。公領域私語化：臺灣社群媒體政治新聞貼文與討論分析。中華傳播學刊，38，215-252。
print cancel