题名 |
石友三與浦口兵變 |
并列篇名 |
Yousan Shi and the Mutiny in Pukou |
DOI |
10.7058/BAH.200309.0031 |
作者 |
葉惠芬(Huei-Fen Yeh) |
关键词 |
石友三 ; 浦口兵變 ; 西北軍 ; 護黨救國軍 ; Yousan Shi ; Mutiny in Pukou ; Northwestern Army ; Party-saving-nationdefending Army |
期刊名称 |
國史館學術集刊 |
卷期/出版年月 |
3期(2003 / 09 / 01) |
页次 |
31 - 62 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
民國18年是國民政府完成北伐後能否由動亂走向安定的重要轉折,然而內戰隨即再起,先有桂系抗命中央,緊接著馮玉祥又有異動跡象,政局的走向令人憂心,有鑒於18年政局的重要性,筆者曾在〈從「唐山易帥」到「鄭州之變」—北伐後唐生智的再起與挫敗〉一文中,以唐生智為主軸,探討其在18 年此起彼落的反中央戰事中對政局的影響。 石友三與唐同有「倒戈將軍」之稱,也在18年歸附中央,有功於中央的討馮,到了18年底,以兩人為中心,形成了一個反蔣的大結合,分別在北方的鄭州和南方的浦口點燃戰火,其來勢洶洶,有蔓延之勢,對中央曾造成嚴重威脅,最後在蔣的分化策略下,唐、石同盟迅即瓦解。兩人由聯合反蔣,最後分道揚鑣,加上兩人的出身、經歷及投蔣反蔣的原因和過程顯有不同,因此擬以石友三為探討中心,撰寫本文。 本文引用資料可分兩類,一類是傳記、年譜或回憶錄,如馮玉祥的自傳、日記,簡又文的回憶錄,黃廣源、唐邦植、張西鐸等人對石友三的回憶等;另一類則為檔案史料,如《閻檔》的〈石友三部往來電文〉、〈蔣方往來電文〉、〈馮方往來電文〉、〈各方往來電文〉等,《蔣檔》的〈困勉記〉、〈事略稿本〉、〈特交檔案〉等,大陸也有《張學良檔案》的出版。 本文內容主要在探討石友三如何從馮部重要將領倒戈叛馮?在紛亂的政局中為何受到重視?再從浦口兵變來看他對政局所造成的影響。結果發現石友三等實力軍人是使18年政局趨向複雜化的重要因素,他們在中央和軍事集團的對立中,縱橫捭闔,幕後操縱,聯手運作,使18年政局陷入內戰不斷的惡性循環,但是這些實力軍人的聯手反抗中央,卻是各為己利、各有所圖,彼此無法真心結合,在與中央的對立中只有走向失敗一途。 |
英文摘要 |
It was in 1929 that National Government, after the completion of Northbound military attack, turned from political turbulence to peace. While the peace did not last long, another civil war soon began to break out. As Guangxi Province just went against the order from the Central Government and Yuxiang Feng (馮玉祥) began his rebellious campaigns, the political situations turned to become worrisome. Ever since the year of 1929 played a significant role in politics, I, in a previous article- From ”The Replacement of General in Chief in Tangsan” to ”the Variation in Zhengzhou”: the Rise and Fall of Sengzhi Tang (唐生智) After Northbound Attack on the basis of Senzhi Tang around 1928, discussed the effects the anti-government wars had on the national political situations. Yousan Shi (石友三), who was notoriously called as ”Rebellious General” as was Tang, surrendered to the Central Government in 1928, forming a big hand for the military movements against Feng. But at the end of 1928, Shi and Tang built a collaboration to fight against K. S. Chiang, initiating battles and wars in Zhengzhou in the north and in Pukou in the south. The rebellious force spread quickly and rendered a big threat to the Central Government. This rebellious union, however, came to an end since the two parties were successfully polarized by Chiang. Though Shi and Tang had different backgrounds, political experience and they had different causes to go against Chiang, they became strong allies to fight Chiang at first, but eventually parted with each other. I thus would like to describe these stories in my paper, centering on Shi. The data of the paper come from two categories: The first category includes biographies, chronicles, memos, such as the autobiography and diary by Yuxiang Feng, memos by Youwen Jian, and many other memos of Yousan Shi composed by Guangyuan Huang, Bangzhi Tang and Xiduo Zhang; The other category is made up of historical documents, such as the telegraphs in ”Yan's Archive” like ”Telegraph in the part Shi,” ”Telegraph in the part of Chiang,” ”Telegraph in the part of Feng” and ”Telegraph in the other parts” and some relevant files in Chiang's Archive like ”The Story of Being Trapped,” ”Scripts of Events” and ”Documents of Foreign Affairs.” Some publications from China are also included for reference like ”Xueliang Zhang's Archive.” Some of the discussion topics include: How Yousan Shi turns himself from an important military general to a rebellious figure against Feng? How does Shi achieve more importance under the political turbulence? What effects does Shi have on the political situations from the perspective of the mutiny in Pukou? My discovery is that the military powers like Shi are among the significant elements that upgrade the political situations to a more complicated level in 1929. These military forces in the fight with the Central Government, are selfish in striving for their own benefits and unable to cooperate with each other. The final result against the Central Government is thus obvious: nothing but failure. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
歷史學 |
参考文献 |
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