英文摘要
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Ever since Lo Hsiang-lin first proposed his views about the definition of Hakka, most Hakka studies have been revolved around the issue of ethic complex. For example, in defining the Hakka dialects, the relations between the Hakka people and the Chinese people in China were repeatedly emphasized and reformed. Thus, later studies often tried to trace further back the origins and the formation of the Hakka people. In such studies, the appearance of the word ”ke,” as found in many books, became the most important evidence, making it more difficult to understand the facts of history. The same problem also appears in the Hakka literature done in the Ching Dynasty.
The formation of the Hakka tribe was a result of a long process of ethnic migration and acculturation. Hence, it will not be justified to regard the appearance of the word ”ke” in historical materials as the only evidence for the emergence and the history of the tribe. For example, in many of the historical materials on the history of Taiwan written in the Ching Dynasty, the word ”ke” refers to ”Yueh (Canton),” not to the people who spoke the Hakka dialect. If we could avoid drawing a direct line between ”Min” and ”Fukien” or that between ”Yueh” and ”ke,” we could more correctly present the real history among different tribes.
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