英文摘要
|
At the end of 1917, at the same time as the Constitution-defending Movement started, the Army for the Pacification of the Nation was also established at Shensi as a reaction against Commander Chen Shu-fan's alliance to the northern warlord Tuan Chi-rei who tried to eliminate the revolutionary activists. Compared with the fast coming and going of the Constitution-defending Movement, the Pacification movement was much larger in scale and influence. It started in December 1917 and ended in May 1922.
Although the Pacification movement once threatened the position of the governor of Shensi, Chen Shu-fan, it did not exert its influence accordingly because it was composed of different groups of people, each having its own interest and focus. It was rather hard for such a movement to have substantial effects. As a result, its merit was hard to decide. In order to remain objective, we need to understand each group of people as individual cases or we will not be able to research the matter.
We have found that Hu Ching-yi was the key to the establishment of the Army for the Pacification of the Nation. Because of his experience in the revolution and in the Shensi army, he also able to lead an army to take Shanyuan and to establish the Pacification Army. It was after Hu defeated Chen that the Pacification Army was firmly established. It was also he that failed the battle of Sian. Unfortunately, Hu was captured on his way to recruit more people to join the army. He was imprisoned for two years, and his absence almost ruined the Pacification Army.
|