論莊子「坐忘」寓言「兩種版本」之立場與形成脈絡－以《淮南子》、《莊子注》為核心

Discussion of Standpoint and Thread of Thought from Two Versions of ＂Zuo Wang＂(坐忘): Referring Huainanzi and Commentary on the Zhuang-zi

覃友群(Yu-Chun Chin)

莊子 ； 坐忘 ； 《淮南子》 ； 郭象 ； 《莊子注》 ； Zhuang-zi ； Zuo Wang ； Huainanzi ； Guo Xiang ； Commentary on the Zhuang-zi

東華漢學

34期（2021 / 12 / 01）

107 - 144

繁體中文

「坐忘」寓言見於《莊子．大宗師》篇，其內容假托顏回與孔子之對話，引出透過消解仁義禮樂、肢體聰明，進而能夠同於大通、無好無常之「坐忘」功夫。此寓言除見於《莊子．大宗師》篇外，《淮南子．道應》篇亦有纂錄；然郭象注本《莊子》以先忘仁義，後忘禮樂為序，《淮南子》之徵引則以先忘禮樂、後忘仁義為序。雖同為坐忘寓言，卻有文字次第截然不同之「兩種版本」，遂為莊學公案。近現代學者對此頗有探討，然大抵仍針對「何者更切合《莊子》學說」為論，而並未深究此一公案之源頭－《莊子注》與《淮南子》－係緣何立場、脈絡，從而形成「兩種版本」之差異。本文不預設二說孰是孰非，亦不考據何者為莊子「正宗」，而著眼於考察此二說之根源－即《淮南子》與《莊子注》。藉由探究《淮南子》與《莊子注》中直接針對「坐忘」寓言之詮釋，暨其它相關線索，考察二說所以發生之立場，暨所以形成如此次第之理路，並藉此挖掘此一莊學公案除卻文字考訂外之意義與價值。

The tale ＂Zuo Wang＂ (Sit and Forget, means Unintentional Ascendant) is included in Zhuang-zi, episode ＂The Great Master＂. Confucius and Yan Hui are the main characters in the tale. Through the conversation between the two characters, demonstrating a way of cultivating named ＂Zuo Wang＂. This way of cultivating first dissolving the persistency of exterior benevolence, righteousness and rites, and then dissolve the dependence about exterior formation and senses. In the end, removing private conscious and persistency, then you can feel and understand ＂Dao＂. Besides Zhuang-zi, episode ＂The Great Master＂, you can also find the tale in Huainanzi, episode ＂Dao Ying＂. Though both are telling the same tale ＂Zuo Wang＂, the sequence of dissolving for benevolence, righteousness and rites is different in two versions, between two books. This issue is noticed by modern scholars, and they bring up some related discussion. The discussions are mostly around which version is closer to Zhuang-zi's idea, instead why and how the two versions (＂Huainanzi＂ and ＂Commentary on the Zhuang-zi) become. There is no preinstall about which of these two sequences are correct in this essay, nor discussing about which is closer to Zhuangzi Thought. The focus will be the root which makes the difference of sequence, the two books ＂Huainanzi' and Guo Xiang's ＂Commentary on the Zhuang-zi＂. Through analyzing the comment about ＂Zuo Wang＂ in ＂Huainanzi' and ＂Commentary on the Zhuang-zi＂, also referring other related clues, to observe and study the context generated by the two different ways. Furthermore, for finding any additional meaning and value but not only the inspection to the written words.

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