英文摘要
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Dai Zhen's thought was formed in the review of the irrationality of Song and Ming theories. In order to combat the formalization and authoritarianization of "Li"(理), he reinterpreted the classics and attempted to establish a moral theory with the empirical world from the standpoint of natural human nature, and to establish a theory of morality that is consistent with the empirical world, and to chart a path of "nature" to "necessity" for the attainment of virtue. However, his assertion that " Li exists in desire"(理存乎欲)raises the question of whether the subjectivity of desire can serve as a basis for morality, and his emphasis on "morality is informed by learning"(德性資於學問) also raises the question of the conversion of knowledge and moral essence. These interrogations are explained by reference to Aristotle's ethics. Based on natural human nature and empirical facts, Aristotle argues that morality and lust, knowledge and virtue, are united in human nature, and that by virtue of one's innate moral gifts, one is able to exercise one's faculties to restrain lust and one's reason to integrate knowledge and action, thereby developing a moral life. The contradictory and questionable aspects of Dai Zhen's thought can be sympathetically understood through a reinterpretation of Aristotle's view.
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