黃奭《爾雅古義》輯佚成就考述

Comments on the Achievement of Huang Shi in The Ancient Interpretations of Erya

陳惠美(Hui-Mei Chen)

黃奭 ； 輯佚方法 ； 古籍整理 ； 《爾雅》古注 ； Huang Shi ； compilation methods for lost texts ； collation of ancient books ； The Ancient Notes for Erya

東華漢學

37期（2023 / 06 / 01）

85 - 118

繁體中文;英文

道光中葉，黃奭（1809－1853）承惠棟（1697－1758）、余蕭客（1732－1778）之遺緒，輯漢魏六朝經、史、子類佚書二百八十餘種，與馬國翰（1794－1857）《玉函山房輯佚書》一南一北，相互輝映。黃奭所輯《爾雅古義》，最可稱述者，一是每書有〈序〉，或考較亡書之流傳狀況，或提示作者之生平學術，或評論前人輯本之得失，或評斷某條佚文之是非真偽，或揭示亡書之內容價值，其說較前賢頗多可採。又黃奭考訂佚文過程中，發現部分文獻所徵引之佚文，無法判定其歸屬，於是特立「《爾雅》眾家注」一門。此在清代眾多輯本當中，體例最為完善。是以本論文以黃奭《爾雅古義》為考察對象，條析黃奭采集佚文之途徑，及其考辨佚文真偽、編次佚文次第之方法，一則可作為判斷有清一代佚書輯本優劣之準則，一則可用以考訂《爾雅》類佚籍、研究一家之學的依據。

In the middle years of Emperor Daoguang's reign, Huang Shi (1809-1853) compiled approximately 280 lost books including the classics, history books and books of different schools' thoughts written in Han Dynasty, Cao Wei Dynasty and the Six Dynasties based on the research of Hui Dong (1697-1758) and Yu Xiaoke (1732-1778). Huang Shi's accomplishment is said to be as great as the Yu Han Shan Fang Ji Yi Shu written by Ma Guohan. The most valuable part of The Ancient Interpretations of Erya compiled by Huang Shi is that each volume of it has a preface. The prefaces written by Huang Shi may show his investigation on the transmission status of lost books, mention the academic achievements of the authors, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of previous compilation works, identify the authenticity of a certain text, or disclose the value of the lost books' contents. Huang Shi's works are more believable comparing to the previous works of other scholars. In addition, Huang Shi found that there were some lost texts cited by literary works, and the sources of these lost texts cannot be identified. Therefore, he established the category of "Notes Written by Various Authors for Erya" for this kind of lost texts. This makes his compilation work the most complete one among various compilation works published in the Qing Dynasty. As a result, the paper has The Ancient Interpretations of Erya compiled by Huang Shi as the target of its investigation. The routes by which Huang Shi collected lost texts and the methods he adopted to identify the authenticity of lost texts and to sort lost texts in a certain order were all analyzed. The research results can be used as the criterion for judging the quality of lost book compilation works published in the Qing Dynasty. Furthermore, the research results can also be taken as the basis for verifying the lost books in the category of Erya and studying the academic works of certain schools.

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