利簋銘文「歲鼎克聞夙有商」集釋考辨

On the Li Gui Inscription "Sui Ding Ke Wen Su You Shang"

林修德(Hsiu-te Lin)

利簋 ； 銘文 ； 武王伐紂 ； Li Gui ； Inscriptions ； Waged by King Wu of Zhou Against Tyrant Zhou of Shang

真理大學人文學報

26期（2023 / 04 / 30）

1 - 18

繁體中文;英文

利簋銘文所記載的文獻史料與「武王伐紂」的歷史事件密切相關，歷來各家學者對於銘文的斷讀及其解釋相當分歧，尤其針對「歲鼎克聞夙有商」一辭，斷讀方式共有八種不同，統合來說有「越鼎說、歲貞說、歲祭說、總括說、鉞鼎說、歲星說、戍晁說、歲時說、攻克說」九種主張，本研究在整合各家意見後，進一步主張銘文的完整意涵應為：周武王征伐商國，在甲子日的早晨，此時舉行了歲祭並進行了貞問，而獲得能夠攻克商國的吉兆，果然在甲子日的黃昏到次日的清晨成功地攻占了商國。辛未當天，周武王的軍隊進駐□地，賞賜青銅給有司利，用來做為祭祀祖先□公的寶器。

The history presented in the Li gui inscription pertains to the ancient war waged by King Wu of Zhou against tyrant Zhou of Shang. So far, scholars have reached no consensus regarding the meaning of the inscription, especially the phrase "Sui Ding Ke Wen Su You Shang." Based upon different punctuations, eight ways to read the phrase have been conceived and those of interpreting the inscription reaching nine in total, namely Yueding shuo, Suizhen shuo, Suiji shuo, Zonggua shuo, Yueding shuo, Suixing shuo, Shuchao shuo, Suishi shuo and Gongke shuo. This study aims to review various understandings of the inscribed phrase and argues that the intended meaning should be: "Shang was overthrown by King Wu of Zhou. On the morning of Jiazi Day, the ancestor-worshipping ceremony and divination were held, obtaining the good omen that Shang could be vanquished. From the dusk of Jiazi Day to the early morning of the next day, the conquest of Shang occurred as foretold. On the day of Xinwei, King Wu's army entered the place Lan, and the official Li was rewarded a ritual bronze, a sacrificial vessel used to worship the ancestor Zhangong."