The Nietzschean and Foucauldean Prospero: Shakespeare's Vision of Power

莎翁的權力觀：尼釆式與福寇式的普羅斯伯羅

10.30092/JHCLANCHU.201012.0006

董崇選(Chung-Hsuan Tung)

尼釆 ； 福寇 ； 普羅斯伯羅 ； 權力意志 ； 超人 ； 全視監獄 ； 暴風雨 ； Nietzsche ； Foucault ； Prospero ； Will to Power ； Superman ； Panopticon ； The Tempest

興大人文學報

45期（2010 / 12 / 01）

153 - 177

英文

莎劇《暴風雨》代表莎士比亞的權力觀。該劇可視為「權力的寓言」。劇中主角普羅斯伯羅(Prospero)是擬人化的「繁榮」。人生在世，就是不斷以力求力、以權擴權，進而達到繁榮的目的。因此，人永遠有尼釆所謂「權力的意志」，企圖能成為「超人」。可是，在實際運作中，人往往只像用福寇所謂「乖化身軀」的方式去處理對手。在《暴風雨》一劇中，那無名小島即福寇所謂現代的「全視監獄」(Panopticon)。劇中普羅斯伯羅為主子，以其魔力統冶一切，為了復其公爵職位並助女兒為未來王后。他顯然並未成為「超人」，只是在安寧與繁榮的世俗目標下奮鬥而已。可見，該劇体現的就是莎翁眾多劇本的結論：權力如夢，但風暴不斷，為寧為榮，各權各力，都要拼鬥以繼。

Power is the origin of Creation, of Western culture, and of Shakespearean dramaturgy. Shakespeare's The Tempest is an epitome of his plays about power: it represents his conclusive vision of power. In Nietzsche's view, man is driven by the Will to Power, life is a plurality of forces striving after an increase in the feeling of power, and Superman is the highest status of human achievement in power. For Foucault, power is exercised rather than possessed, freedom is both the condition and the effect of power, and Panopticon is a modern example of using power to control human relations effectively. The Tempest is an allegory of power, in which Prospero stands for the personified abstract idea of Prosperity. Prospero is in fact a Nietzschean hero striving with the Will to Power, exercising his power in accordance with Foucault's ideas, and trying to, though failing to, attain the perfection of Superman. In the play, various types of power are involved: supernatural and natural, superhuman and human, political and military, physical and intellectual, legal and lingual, aesthetic and ethical, etc. The play's protagonist and many other characters all strive or dream to have supreme power. The play's title and setting are also allegorical in terms of power. The tempest stands for mental as well as elemental storms. The island stands for the temporal world of power struggle for women or wealth. Shakespeare's vision of power in The Tempest is thus a universal vision. It is like Tsao's vision in Dreams of the Red Mansions: man forever tries to secure power and increase power by exercising power, hardly knowing that any struggle with power for power is but a dream at last.

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