英文摘要
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This article aims to compare Zhan Ganguan(湛甘泉) and Wang Yangming(王陽明) in terms of their ideas of "moral practice" and "ontological entity." By denying Zhan Ganguan's belief that learning Confucian classics is as important as self-introspection, which is said to be an external practice that implies an ignorance of an innate moral sense, Wang Yangming suggests an approach that immediately investigates the pure mind as an ontological entity. According to Wang Yangming's critique of Zhan Ganguan, it is clear that for the former, learning Confucian classics is not a necessary condition to becoming a sage, the latter holds a reverse viewpoint. Zhan Ganguan replies that although Wang Yangming's teaching has a simple structure that is not difficult to learn, it will result in confusion between moral principles and sensory desires, as a consequence of believing the original mind excessively. In short, it can be said that Zhan Ganguan disagrees with Wang Yangming's teaching as an internal approach, and that it is one of the origins they argue about with each other.
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