西山元文《詩經考》「二〈南〉」詩解駁「朱熹說」綜述

A Review to the Argument of ＂Zhu Xi Shuo＂ from Nishiyama Motofumi's Shi Jing Kao (＂The Odes of Zhou and The South＂ and ＂The Odes of Shao and The South＂)

馮曉庭(Hsiao-ting Feng)

西山元文 ； 《詩經考》 ； 日本古學派 ； 江戶《詩經》學 ； 朱熹《詩集傳》 ； Nishiyama Motofumi ； Shi Jing Kao ； Japanese Ancient Study ； Edo Studies of the Book of Songs ； The Biography of Anthology of Zhu Xi

興大人文學報

65期（2020 / 09 / 01）

1 - 28

繁體中文

西山元文為日本江戶時期對馬藩藩士，學術屬性偏向「古學派」。《詩經考》為西山元文《詩經》學專著，撰成於日本江戶時代中晚期。本文聚焦於《詩經‧國風》「二〈南〉」，據西山元文《詩經考》，比對朱熹《詩集傳》、《毛詩正義》，藉以顯明西山元文於朱熹《詩》說的捨用緣由、釐清「古學派」於朱熹《詩》說的若干態度。獲致結論有：其一，《詩經考》兩度批駁宋人及《詩集傳》「妄」「陋」，可以想見西山元文本人甚或「古學派」學者對於「宋學」以及「朱子學」極度不屑。其二，《詩經考》駁斥《詩集傳》，表面敘述以及表層動機看似全然針對「朱子學」，實際上卻是基於對漢人《詩》學（以《毛傳》為中心）的信任依賴。《詩經考》於《毛傳》體系尊崇有加，所以在辨析《詩集傳》詩說過程當中，常為正面依據，而朱熹說義之所以不得成立，也總是因為與《毛傳》體系扞格。其三，除了徵據《毛傳》，《詩經考》也取用所謂「漢人經傳」，也引錄明人《詩》說。尤其是名物字義訓詁，更於宋、明間文獻多有採摘。引錄多元，除了證明《詩經考》說《詩》能全面考察覽據文獻之外，還說明了西山元文理性治《詩》，不若因人廢言者流。其四，《詩經考》所說詩義，於《詩》教、《詩》用以及《詩》旨較《詩集傳》所說，層面相對寬廣。儘管正確與否難以確認，西山元文所據又皆非時代新說，然而討論皆能指瑕清弊、引人省思，直接證明了西山元文《詩經》學的存在意義，也間接證明了「古學派」學問的可能用途。

Nishiyama Motofumi is considered as the classical scholar from Tsushima domain in Edo period. Shi Jing Kao is his monograph on Shi Jing or The Classic of Poetry, which is completed around by late Edo period. This article focuses on ＂ The Odes of Zhou and The South＂ and ＂The Odes of Shao and The South＂ in The Classic of Poetry: Airs of the States. By comparing these two poetries from Shi Jing Kao of Nishiyama Motofumi to The Biography of Anthology of Zhu Xi and Mao Shi Zheng Yi, the author tries to clarify how Nishiyama Motofumi abandoned Zhu Xi's viewpoints and the viewpoints of classical scholars to The Biography of Anthology of Zhu Xi. The findings are as follows: First, Nishiyama Motofumi criticizes the people in Song Dynasty and The Biography of Anthology as ＂absurd＂ (「妄」wang) and ＂narrow＂ (「陋」lou) in Shi Jing Kao more than once. It shows Nishiyama Motofumi himself or classical scholars looked down upon the studies in Song Dynasty and the studies of Zhu Xi. Second, it seems that the purpose of Shi Jing Kao to argue against the studies of Zhu Xi. In fact, the argument mainly based on the concepts in Mao Shi Zheng Yi, which unfortunately often contradicted with Zhu Xi' s proposal. This shows that Nishiyama Motofumi respected and trusted the studies of The Classic of Poetry in Han Dynasty. Third, Nishiyama Motofumi adopts not only Mao Shi Zheng Yi, but also the studies of Shi Jing Kao in Han, Song, and Ming Dynasties. It shows the diversity of his monograph and his ability of doing the research. Fourth, Shi Jing Kao covered more topics than The Biography of Anthology. Though not all of the points can be verified and new concepts Nishiyama Motofumi adopted are not new either, his monographs are still considered provoking, which shows the significance and value of his work to Classical scholars.

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