諮商團體領導者於情緒處理段落之介入策略研究

Dealing with Instances of Heightened Emotionality: Intervention Strategies in the Group Counseling

10.7082/CJGC.201003.0245

許育光(Kevin Hsu)；吳秀碧(Sophie Woo)

介入策略 ； 情緒表達 ； 團體諮商 ； 團體諮商師 ； 團體歷程 ； 諮商技術 ； 諮商意圖 ； affection expression ； counseling intentions ； counseling techniques ； group counseling ； group counselor ； group process ； intervention strategies

中華輔導與諮商學報

27期（2010 / 03 / 01）

245 - 284

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討領導者在非結構諮商團體情緒工作段落之介入策略，以兩個問題解決導向、進行十次、由兩位博士班受訓者領導之諮商團體為焦點，採「規範組織與個人探索量表」(NO/PE)與「團體成員人際歷程量表」(IGIPS)等歷程分析系統，進行段落區分與編碼，採百分位數高於85之標準，界定19個「情緒表露」比率較高的段落；並以人際歷程回憶的方式收集領導者自我陳述的意圖和技術等策略運用，加以分析其在前段（二至五次）與後段（六至九次）團體之介入策略。研究結果顯示，在團體／人際層次領導者介入策略包括前段的「平衡團體溝通」、「團體文化建立」、「團體議題與焦點掌握」，與後段之「反映團體歷程」；在人際／個別層次包括前段「連結與人際同盟促進」、「促進覺察與相互接納」、「人際溝通檢視與澄清」，與後段之「回饋運用與促進人際覺察」、「人際溝通技巧學習」；在個別層次則包括前段的「促進成員自我分享」、「支持與同理」、「促進自我覺察」、「深化與促進接納情緒」、「個人目標之連結與推進」，以及後段之「促進當下覺察與自我表達」。研究針對團體歷程、研究限制與未來發展等進行綜合探討，並提出與實務與教學相關之建議。

The purpose of this study was to explore the group leader's intervention strategies in the instances where members expressed their affective experiences/emotions/feelings during the group process. Two ten-session unstructured counseling groups each leaded by two doctoral level trainees were included. Four measures were used in the present study: Normative-Organizational/Personal Exploration Scale (NO/PE), Individual Group Member's Interpersonal Process Scale (IGIPS), Group Counselors' Intentions Index, and Group Counselors' Techniques Index. The first two instruments were measured members' attendance behaviors and the last two investigated leaders' intervention strategies. From the group process transcripts, 19 instances of affective expression, were identified and used in the subsequent analysis. The results indicated that leaders intervened with strategies of ”Communication balancing,” ”Culture building,” and ”Issues and focus holding” in the early period of a group process, and ”Group process reflecting” in the late sessions. Furthermore in the interpersonal and individual dimension, leaders would use ”Linking and interpersonal alliance facilitating,” ”Awareness and acceptance facilitating,” and ”Communication checking and clarifying” in the early group sessions, and both ”Feedback and interpersonal awareness facilitating” and ”Communication skills learning” in the late sessions. Finally, in the individual dimension of a group process, strategies of ”Personal share enhancing,” ”Support and empathy,” ”Self awareness enhancing,” ”Depth and self acceptance facilitating,” and ”Personal goals linking” appeared in the early sessions, and ”Immediate self expression enhancing” in the late sessions. Applications for practice, instruction, supervision, and recommendations for further research were proposed and discussed.

1. 吳秀碧(2005)。諮商團體領導原理的建構：螺旋式領導方法。中華輔導學報，17，1-32。
   連結：
2. 吳秀碧、許育光、洪雅鳳、羅家玲(2004)。團體諮商過程中領導者技術運用之研究。中華心理衛生期刊，17(3)，23-56。
   連結：
3. Beck, A. P.(1981).The study of group phase development and emergent leadership.Group,5(4),48-54.
4. Beck, A. P. (Eds.),Lewis, C. M. (Eds.)(2000).The process of group psychotherapy: System for analyzing change.Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
5. Bion, W. R.(1961).Experience in groups.New York, NY:Basic Books.
6. Budman, S.,Soldz, S.,Demby, A.,Davis, M.,Merry, J.(1993).What is cohesiveness? An empirical examination.Small Group Research,24,199-216.
7. Capuzzi, D.,Gross, D. R.(2002).Introduction to group counseling.Denver, CO:Love.
8. Chen, M.,Rybak, C. J.(2004).Group leadership skills: Interpersonal process in group counseling and therapy.Belmont, CA:Brooks/Cole.
9. Corey, G.,Corey, M. S.,Callanan, P.,Russell, J. M.(1992).Group techniques.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
10. Corey, M. S.,Corey, G.(2006).Group process and practice.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
11. Crouch, E. C.,Bloch, S.,Wanlass, J.,A. Fuhriman (Eds.),G. M. Burlingame (Eds.)(1994).Handbook of group psychotherapy: An empirical and clinical synthesis.New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons.
12. Dugo, J. M.,Beck, A. P.(1983).Tracking a group focus on normative-organizational or personal exploration issues.Group,7(4),17-26.
13. Ivey, A. E.,Pederson, P. B.,Ivey, M. B.(2001).Intentional group counseling: A microskills approach.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
14. Jacobs, E.,Harvill, R.,Masson, R. L.(1988).Group counseling: Strategies and skills.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
15. Lacoursiere, R.(1980).The life cycle of groups: Group development stage theory.New York, NY:Human Sciences Press.
16. Leszcz, M.,G. M. Saiger (Eds.),S. Rubenfeld (Eds.),M. D. Dluhy (Eds.)(2008).Windows into today's group therapy.New York, NY:Routledge.
17. Lewis, C. M. (Eds.)Beck, A.P. (Eds.),Dugo, J. M.,Eng, A. M.(2000).The process of group psychotherapy: Systems for analyzing change.Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
18. Morran, D. K.,Stockton, R.,Whittingham, M. H.,J. L. DeLucia-Waack (Eds.),D. A. Gerrity (Eds.),C. R. Kalodner (Eds.),M. T. Riva (Eds.)(2004).Handbook of group counseling and psychotherapy.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
19. Posthuma, B. W. (Ed.)(1996).Small groups in counseling and therapy: Process and leadership.Massachusetts:Allyn & Bacon.
20. Rogers, C. R.,J. f. T. Bugenthal (Ed.)(1967).Challenges of humanistic psychology.New Tork:McGraw-Hill.
21. Stockton, R.,Rohde, R. I.,Haughey, J.(1992).The effects of structured group exercises on cohesion, engagement, avoidance, and conflict.Small Group Research,23,155-168.
22. Trotzer, J. P.(2006).The counselor and the group: Integrating theory, training, and practice.Philadelphia, PA:Taylor & Francis.
23. Ward, D. E.(1985).Levels of group activity: A model for improving the effectiveness of group work.Journal of Counseling and Development,64,59-64.
24. Ward, D. E.,Litchy, M.,J. L. DeLucia-Waack (Eds.),D. A. Gerrity (Eds.),C. R. Kalodner (Eds.),M. T. Riva(2004).Handbook of group counseling and psychotherapy.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
25. Yalom, I. D.(2005).The theory and practice of group psychotherapy.New York, NY:Basic Books.
26. 吳秀碧(2008)。國科會九十六年度研究成果報告（編號：NSC96-2413-H-468-002）國科會九十六年度研究成果報告（編號：NSC96-2413-H-468-002）,未出版
27. 吳秀碧、洪雅鳳、羅家玲(2003)。團體諮商歷程中領導者意圖與聚焦之分析研究。中華輔導學報，13，117-150。
28. 吳秀碧、許育光、李俊良(2003)。螺旋式領導方法的諮商團體歷程中成員自我揭露次數及深度之研究。彰化師大輔導學報，25，1-24。
29. 洪雅鳳(2008)。彰化，國立彰化師範大學。
30. 許育光(2005)。彰化，國立彰化師範大學。

1. 刑志彬(2019)。不同效能非結構諮商團體歷程自我揭露類型探究與行為互動之社會網絡分析。臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系學位論文。2019。1-216。