臺灣地方文化活動契約委外的績效觀感：客家節慶利害關係人的角度

Perceived Performance of the Local Cultural Campaign Contracting Out in Taiwan: The Stakeholder Perspectives of the Hakka Festivals

10.29865/PAP.201806_(66).0001

孫煒(Way Sun)

文化活動 ； 契約委外 ； 績效觀感 ； 績效衡量 ； 客家節慶 ； cultural campaign ； contracting out ； perceived performance ； performance measurement ； Hakka festival

行政暨政策學報

66期（2018 / 06 / 01）

1 - 38

繁體中文

臺灣地方民選行政首長熱衷舉辦各種文化活動，而且大多數採用契約委外由民間廠商承辦，往往耗費巨資卻鮮少進行較嚴謹的績效衡量。本文採用績效觀感的研究途徑，並依據文化活動的複雜性質，發展出創新、負責、品質與效能等四項衡量文化活動契約委外階段的核心績效指標，進一步運用地方客家節慶包括傳統典慶（義民祭）與現代慶典（桐花祭）為經驗研究對象，透過委託人－代理人架構，針對契約委外的客家行政機關、承辦廠商以及地方公民團體和參與民眾等利害關係人進行訪談，分析它們對於客家文化活動的績效觀感，並深入探討績效觀感之間的差距及其原因，並根據文化活動契約委外的研究發現，提出提升績效的建議。

Taiwan's elected local administrative leaders have been keen to organize cultural campaigns, most of which are contracting out to private vendors. However, given the large amount of money spent, rigorous performance measurements are often lacking. Based on the complex nature of cultural campaigns, this article employed perceived performance approach and developed four core performance indicators to measure innovation, accountability, quality and effectiveness in outsourced cultural campaign stages. The article targeted local Hakka festivals, including traditional festivals (Yi-Ming Festival) and contemporary festivals (Tong Blossom Festival). Using a principal-agent framework, this article interviewed stakeholders including the Hakka administrative agencies contracting out the campaigns, the contractors, local nonprofit organizations and participating public to determine their perceptions of campaign performances. Furthermore, the reasons for differences in performance perceptions are also explored. Finally, according to the research findings on the outsourced cultural campaigns, this article recommended policy suggestions and institutional revision to improve performances.

1. 莊文忠(2008)。績效衡量與指標設計：方法論上的討論。公共行政學報，29，61-91。
   連結：
2. 蘇偉業(2009)。公共部門事前定向績效管理：反思與回應。公共行政學報，30，105-130。
   連結：
3. Bailey, Jackie,Richardson, Lance(2010).Meaningful Measurement: A Literature Review and Australian and British Case Studies of Arts Organizations Conducting 'Artistic Self-assessment'.Cultural Trends,19(4),291-306.
4. Behn, Robert D.(2003).Why Measure Performance? Different Purposes Require Different Measures.Public Administration Review,63(5),586-606.
5. Brown, Trevor L.,Potoski, Matthew,Van Slyke, David(2009).Contracting for Complex Products.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,20,i41-i58.
6. Brown, Trevor L.,Potoski, Matthew,Van Slyke, David(2015).Managing Complex Contracts: A Theoretical Approach.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,31(1),1-24.
7. Döring, Heike,Downe, James,Martin, Steve(2015).Regulating Public Services: How Public Managers Respond to External Performance Assessment.Public Administration Review,75(6),867-877.
8. Eshuis, Jasper,Braun, Erik,Klijn, Erik-Hans(2013).Place Marketing as Governance Strategy: An Assessment of Obstacles in Place Marketing and Their Effects on Attracting Target Groups.Public Administration Review,73(3),507-516.
9. Girth, Amanda M.(2014).A Closer Look at Contract Accountability: Exploring the Determinants of Sanctions for Unsatisfactory Contract Performance.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,24(2),317-348.
10. Hartley, Jean,Sørensen, Eva,Torfing, Jacob(2013).Collaborative Innovation: A Viable Alternative to Market Competition and Organizational Entrepreneurship.Public Administration Review,73(6),821-830.
11. Hodsoll, Frank(1998).Measuring for Success and Failure in Government and the Arts.Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society,28(3),230-239.
12. Hvidman, Ulrik,Andersen, Simon Calmar(2015).Perceptions of Public and Private Performance: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.Public Administration Review,76(1),111-120.
13. Liu, Nicole Ning,Lo, Carlos Wing-Hung,Zhan, Xueyong,Wang, Wei(2015).Campaign-Style Enforcement and Regulatory Compliance.Public Administration Review,75(1),85-95.
14. Osborne, David,Gaebler, Ted(1992).Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector.Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
15. Ramia, Gaby,Carney, Terry(2000).Contractualism, Managerialism and Welfare: The Australian Experiment with a Marketised Employment Services Network.Policy & Politics,29(1),59-83.
16. Richards, Greg、Palmer, Robert、國立臺灣師範大學歐洲文化與觀光研究所譯(2012)。文化節慶管理。臺北:桂魯。
17. Smith, Melanie K.、國立臺灣師範大學歐洲文化與觀光研究所譯(2014)。文化觀光學。臺北:桂魯。
18. So, Bennis Wai Yip(2012).Learning as A Key to Citizen-centred Performance Improvement: A Comparison Between the Health Service Centre and the Household Registration Office in Taipei City.Australian Journal of Public Administration,71(2),201-210.
19. Talbot, Colin(2010).Theories of Performance: Organizational and Service Improvement in the Public Domain.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
20. Taplin, Dana H.,Clark, Hèlene(2012).Theory of Change Basics: A Primer on Theory of Change.New York:Act knowledge.
21. Tay, Richard(2005).The Effectiveness of Enforcement and Publicity Campaigns on Serious Crashes Involving Young Male Drivers: Are Drink Driving and Speeding Similar?.Accident Analysis and Prevention,37,922-929.
22. Van Slyke, David M.,Roch, Christine H.(2004).What Do They Know, and Whom Do They Hold Accountable? Citizens in the Government-Nonprofit Contracting Relationship.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,14(2),191-209.
23. Verschuere, Bram,De Corte, Joris(2014).The Impact of Public Resource Dependence on the Autonomy of NPOs in Their Strategic Decision Making.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,43(2),293-313.
24. Vining, Aiden R.,Weimer, David L.(1988).Information Asymmetry Favoring Sellers: A Policy Framework.Policy Sciences,28,281-303.
25. 王雲東(2012)。社會研究方法。新北市:威仕曼。
26. 丘昌泰(2000)。公共政策：基礎篇。臺北:巨流。
27. 朱金池、王俊元、郭銘峰(2014)。從利害關係人途徑析探公部門績效管理：我國地方政府之經驗。文官制度季刊，6(4)，1-26。
28. 林淑馨(2010)。質性研究：理論與實務。臺北:巨流。
29. 邱彥貴(2001)。從祭典儀式看北臺灣義民信仰。義民心、鄉土情：褒忠義民廟文史專輯，新竹:
30. 胡龍騰(2007)。公民引領之政府績效管理：初探性模式建構。行政暨政策學報，44，79-128。
31. 張四明、施能傑、胡龍騰(2012)。我國政府績效管理制度檢討與創新。臺北:行政院研究發展考核委員會。
32. 張維安(2006)。生態、文化與產業─竹苗地區臺三線文化產業消費者調查分析。苗栗火旁龍文化與觀光研討會，苗栗:
33. 張維安編、陶振超編(2016)。跨界思維：臺灣與全球客家的政策對話。新竹:交通大學。
34. 莊文忠(2013)。績效指標建構的二元論證：以地方政府廉政指數為例。法政學報，25，65-100。
35. 彭欽清(2017)。客家文化要發揚什麼？客家核心價值在哪裡？。世界客家，1，37-39。
36. 廖美玲(2010)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北，國立臺北教育大學文化產業學系暨藝文產業設計與經營碩士班。
37. 賴澤涵編、傅寶玉編(2006)。義民信仰與客家社會。臺北:南天。
38. 謝世宗、劉瑞超(2012)。客家地方典慶和文化觀光產業：中心與邊陲的形質建構。臺北:客家委員會。
39. 羅清俊(2015)。公共政策：現象觀察與實務操作。臺北:揚智。
40. 蘇彩足編(2014)。地方治理之趨勢與挑戰：臺灣經驗。臺北:臺灣民主基金會。

1. 孫煒(2022)。臺灣地方族群型文化與藝術活動委外的聯結型治理－以桃園市為例。臺灣民主季刊，19(3)，87-130。