領導型態、組織學習、全面品質管理對於組織績效之影響－以台灣資訊電子產業為例

An Empirical Study of Leadership Style, Organizational Learning, TQM and Organizational Performance of Hi-tech Industry in Taiwan

10.29688/MHJ.200707.0002

池文海(Wen-Hai Chi)；黃庭鍾(Tin-Chung Huang)；魏國州(Kuo-Chou Wei)

領導型態 ； 組織學習 ； 全面品質管理 ； 組織績效 ； leadership styles ； organizational learning ； total quality management ； organizational performance

明新學報

33期（2007 / 07 / 01）

27 - 46

繁體中文

高階主管領導型態、組織本身的學習能力以及產品品質對於其經營績效而言，具有不可或缺的重要角色。而本研究針對台灣新竹科學園區廠商，進行一般統計及線性結構分析，研究架構包含領導型態與組織學習（前因變數）、全面品質管理（中介變數），以及經營績效（結果變數）的三階路徑關係。本研究發現高階主管的領導型態會正面影響組織學習的過程；其次為公司的組織學習會影響全面品質管理的推行；再者，經營績效的好壞會受組織學習與是否推行全面品質管理之影響，而與高階主管領導型態相關性並不明顯；最後則是高階主管領導型態對於全面品質管理推行並不具顯著影響。本研究希望藉此能提供相關業者一項實證性的研究，以促使其提高經營績效。

The aim of this paper is to find the relationship among different leadership styles (LS), organizational learning (OL) and organizational performance (OP). It's no doubt that quality is also very important for OP. Since the 1980s, total quality management (TQM) has been measured as a standard for good product quality. A great deal of effort has been made to find the influence of the above factors. However, it is a new approach to consider four factors in the model together. So the purpose here is to explore a little further into the causal relationship about LS, OL, TQM and OP in the structural equation model (SEM). This study is focused on the hi-tech firms in Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan. We can use three-layer research structure to create a convenience sampling survey. Finally, it’s proven that LS is a critical factor to form the OL, and OL has a direct influence on implementing TQM. Both OL and TQM also show direct influence on OP. However, the relationship between LS and OP is not significant; nor are LS and TQM implementation. This paper hopes to give all hi-tech firms in the world an empirical study to reconsider their business model.

1. Agus, A.(2001).A Linear Structural Modeling of Total Quality Management Practices in Manufacturing Companies in Malaysia.Total Quality Management,12(5),561-573.
2. Agus, A.,Abdullah, M.(2000).Total Quality Management Practices in Manufacturing Companies in Malaysia: An Exploratory Analysis.Total Quality Management,11(8),1041-1051.
3. Ahire, S. L.(1996).TQM age versus quality: An empirical investigation.Production and Inventory Management Journal,37(1),18-25.
4. Anderson, H. C.(1994).Teamwork Brings TQM to Health Care.Managing Service Quality,4(1),35-38.
5. Argyris, C.,Schon, D. A.(1978).Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective.MA:Addison-Wesley.
6. Avlonitis, G. J.,Kouremenos, A.(1994).Assessing the Innovativeness of Organizations and Its Antecedents: Project Innovstrat.European Journal of Marketing,28(11),5-27.
7. Bartezzaghi, E.,Corso, M.,Verganti, R.(1997).Continuous Improvement and Inter-Project Learning in New Product Development.International Journal of Technology Management,13(1),116-138.
8. Bass, B. M.(1985).Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations.New York, NY:Harper and Row.
9. Bass, B. M.,Avolio, B. J.(1989).Potential Biases in Leadership Measures: How Prototypes, Leniency, and General Satisfaction Relate to Ratings and Rankings of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Constructs.Educational and Psychological Measurement,49(3),509-527.
10. Benavent, F. B.(2003).TQM Self-Assessment Evolves and Promotes Strategic Learning at Ericsson Espana SA.Journal of Organizational Excellence,22(2),65-74.
11. Berry, M. J.(1996).Technical Entrepreneurship, Strategic Awareness and Corporate Transformation in Small High-Tech Firms.Technovation,16(9),487-498.
12. Black, S. A.,Porter, L. J.(1996).Identification of the critical factors of TQM.Decision Sciences,27(1),1-21.
13. Blumen-Lipman, J.(1996).The connective edge: Leading in an interdependent world.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
14. Burns, J. M.(1978).Leadership.New York, NY:Harper and Row.
15. Byrne J. A.(1992).Management's New Gurus.Business Week,4,44-52.
16. Chen, L. Y.(2004).Examining the Effect of Organization Culture and Leadership Behaviors on Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance at Small and Middle-Sized Firms of Taiwan.Journal of American Academy of Business,5(1/2),432-438.
17. Choi, T. Y.,Eboch, K.(1998).The TQM Paradox: Relations among TQM Practices, Plant Performance, and Customer Satisfaction.Journal of Operations Management,17(1),59-75.
18. Chow, C. W.,Haddad, K. M.,Wu, A.(2003).Corporate Culture and Its Relation to Performance: A Comparative Study of Taiwanese and U.S. Manufacturing Firms.Managerial Finance,29(12),65-76.
19. Crosby, P. B.(1979).Quality is free.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
20. Daft, L. R.(2002).The Leadership Experience.Orlando:Harcourt College.
21. Davis, R. C.(1951).The Fundamental of Top Management.New York, NY:Happer and Row.
22. Deming, W. E.(1986).Out of the Crisis.Cambridge, MA:MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
23. Dodgson, M.(1993).Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literatures.Organization Studies,14(3),375-394.
24. Downton, J.(1973).Rebel Leadership.New York, NY:Free Press.
25. Ehigie, B. O.,Akpan, R. C.(2004).Roles of Perceived Leadership Styles and Rewards in the Practice of Total Quality Management.Leadership and Organization Development Journal,25(1/2),24-29.
26. Fiedler F. E.(1967).A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
27. Fiol, C. M.,Lyles, M. A.(1985).Organizational Learning.Academy of Management,10(4),803-813.
28. Flynn, B. B.,Sakakibara, S.(1995).Relationship between JIT and TQM: Practices and Performance.Academy of Management Journal,38(5),1325-1360.
29. Fontes, M.,Coombs, R.(1997).The Coincidence of Technology and Market Objectives in The Internationalization of New Technology-Based Firms.International Small Business Journal,15(4),14-35.
30. Garvin, D. A.(1993).Building a Learning Organization.Harvard Business Review,71(4),78-91.
31. Goh, S. C.(1998).Toward a Learning Organization: The Strategic Building Blocks.Sam Advanced Management Journal,63(2),15-22.
32. Gonzalez, T. F.,Guillen, M.(2002).Leadership Ethical Dimension: A Requirement in TQM Implementation.The TQM Magazine,14(3),150-164.
33. Greenberg, E. R.(1989).Basic skills: An American Management Association: Research report on testing and training.
34. Gustafson, B. M.(2001).Setting the Highest Ethical Leadership Standards Ensures a Higher Standard of Results.Healthcare Financial Management,55(1),76-77.
35. Hackman, J. R.,Wageman, R.(1995).Total Quality Management: Empirical, Conceptual, and Practical Issues.Administrative Science Quarterly,40(2),309-342.
36. Hellriegel, D.,Slocum, J.W.(1995).Organizational behavior.West.
37. Huber, G. P.(1991).Organizational Learning: the Contributing Process and the Literatures.Organization Science: A Journal of the Institute of Management Sciences,2(1),88-115.
38. Hult, G. T. M.,Ferrell, O. C.(1997).Global Organizational Learning Capacity in Purchasing: Construct and Measurement.Journal of Business Research,40(1),97-111.
39. Hult, G. T. M.,Ferrell, O. C.,Hurley, R. F.(2002).Global Organizational Learning Effects on Cycle Time Performance.Journal of Business Research,55(5),377-387.
40. Hult, G. T. M.,Nichols, E. L.,Giunipero, L. C.,Hurley, R. F.(2000).Global Organizational Learning in the Supply Chain: A Low Versus High Learning Study.Journal of International Marketing,8(3),61-83.
41. Hung, R. Y. Y.(2004).The Implementation of Total Quality Management Strategy in Australia: Some Empirical Observations.Journal of American Academy of Business,5(1/2),70-74.
42. Im, S.,Workman J. P.(2004).Market Orientation, Creativity, and New Product Performance in High-Technology Firms.Journal of Marketing,68(2),114-132.
43. Issac, G.,Rajendran, C.,Anantharaman, R. N.(2004).Significance of Quality Certification: The Case of the Software Industry in India.The Quality Management Journal,11(1),8-32.
44. Jones, M. V.,Crick, D.(2001).High-Technology Firms' Perceptions of Their International Competitiveness.Strategic Change,10(3),129-138.
45. Juran, J. M.(1988).Managing for Quality.The Journal for Quality and Participation,11(1),8-12.
46. Kaiser, H. F.(1960).The application of electronic computers to factor analysis.Educational and Psychological Measurement,20(2),141-151.
47. Kerfoot, K.(2003).Learning Organizations Need Teachers: The Leader's Challenge.Nursing Economic,21(3),148-150.
48. Kirkpatrick, S.,Locke, E.(1991).Leadership: Do Traits Matter?.Academy of Management Executive,5(2),28-60.
49. Leibenstein, H.,Maital, S.(1994).The Organizational Foundations of X-Inefficiency: A Game-Theoretic Interpretation of Argyris' Model of Organizational Learning.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,23(3),251-268.
50. Levitt, B.,March, J.(1988).Organizational Learning.Annual Review of Sociology,14,319-340.
51. Lewin, K.,Lippitt, R.,White, R. K.(1939).Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates.Journal of Social Psychology,10,271-299.
52. Likert, R.(1961).New Patterns of Management.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
53. Love, P. E. D.,Li, H.,Irani, Z.,Faniran, O.(2000).Total Quality Management and the Learning Organization: A Dialogue for Change in Construction.Construction Management & Economics,18(3),321-331.
54. Luthans, F.(1995).Organizational Behavior.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
55. MacCoby, M.(2003).The Seventh Rule: Create a Learning Culture.Research Technology Management,46(3),59-60.
56. Madu, C. N.,Kuei, C. H.,Lin, C. H.(1995).A Comparative Analysis of Quality Practice in Manufacturing Firms in the U.S. and Taiwan.Decision Sciences,26(5),621-635.
57. Maslow, A.(1970).Motivation and Personality.Harper and Row.
58. Meyers, P. W.(1990).Non-linear Learning in Technological Firms.Research Policy,19,97-115.
59. Milliman, J.,Taylor, S.,Czaplewski, A. J.(2002).Cross-Cultural Performance Feedback in Multinational Enterprises: Opportunity for Organizational Learning.Human Resource Planning,25(3),29-43.
60. Morgan, G.,Rramirez, R.(1983).Action Learning: A Holographic Metaphor for Guiding Change.Human Relations,37(1),1-28.
61. Morgan, R. E.,Turnell, C. R.(2003).Market-Based Organizational Learning and Market Performance Gains.British Journal of Management,14(3),255-274.
62. Pace, R. W.,Regan, L.,Miller, P.,Dunn, L.(1998).Natural Growth Goals and Short- Term Training: A Boomerang Effect.International Journal of Training & Development,2(2),128-140.
63. Parry, K. W.(2000).Does Leadership Help the Bottom Line?.New Zealand Management,47(3),38-41.
64. Parry, K. W.,Thomson, P.,Sarah B.(2003).Leadership, Culture and Performance: The Case of the New Zealand Public Sector.Journal of Change Management,3(4),376-399.
65. Pieranunzi, R.(2001).TQM breeds success at STMicroelectronics.Journal of Organizational Excellence,20(4),39-43.
66. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.,Moorman, R. H.,Fetter, R.(1990).Transformational Leader Behaviors and their Effects on Members' Trust in Leader, Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors.Leadership Quarterly,1,107-142.
67. Pounder, J. S.(2003).Employing Transformational Leadership to Enhance the Quality of Management Development Instruction.Journal of Management Development,22(1),6-13.
68. Powell, T. C.(1995).Total Quality Management As Competitive Advantage: A Review and Empirical Study.Strategic Management Journal,15-37.
69. Rothwell, R.,Dodgson, M.(1992).European Technology Policy Evolution: Convergence Towards SMEs and Regional Technology Transfer.Technovation,12(4),223-238.
70. Saraph, J. V.,Benson, P. G,Schroeder, R. G.(1989).An Instrument for Measuring the Critical Factors of Quality Management.Decision Sciences,20(4),810-829.
71. Sarin, S.,McDermott, C.(2003).The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on Learning, Knowledge Application, and Performance of Cross-Functional New Product Development Teams.Decision Sciences,34(4),707-739.
72. Sarros, J. C.,Gray, J.,Densten, I. L.(2002).Leadership and Its Impact on Organizational Culture.International Journal of Business Studies,10(2),1-25.
73. Saylor, J. H.(1992).TQM Field Manual.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
74. Senge, P. M.(1990).The Fifth Discipline: the Art and Practice of the Learning Organizational.NY:Doubleday.
75. Shrader, R. C.(2001).Collaboration and Performance in Foreign Markets: The Case of Young High-Technology Manufacturing Firms.Academy of Management Journal,44(1),45-60.
76. Shrivastava, P.(1983).A Typology of Organizational Learning Systems.Journal of Management Studies,20(1),7-28.
77. Sohal, A.,Morrison, M.(1995).Is there a Link between Total Quality Management and Learning Organizations?.The TQM Magazine,7(3),41-44.
78. Steers, R. M.(1975).Problem in the Measurement of organizational Effectiveness.Administrative Science Quarterly,20(2),546-548.
79. Stivers, B. P.,Joyce, T.(2000).Building a Balanced Performance Management System.SAM Advanced Management Journal,65(2),22-29.
80. Temtime, T. Z.(2003).The Moderating Impacts of Business Planning and Firm Size on Total Quality Management Practices.The TQM Magazine,15(1),52-60.
81. Tippins, M. J.,Sohi, R. S.(2003).IT Competency and Firm Performance: Is Organizational Learning a Missing Link.Strategic Management Journal,24(8),745-761.
82. Venkatraman, N.,Ramanujam, V.(1986).Measurement of Business Economic Performance: An Examination of Method Convergence.Journal of Management,13(1),109-122.
83. Vera, D.,Crossan, M.(2004).Strategic Leadership and Organizational Learning.Academy of Management Review,29(2),222-240.
84. Vits, J.,Gelders, L.(2002).Performance Improvement Theory.International Journal of Production Economics,77(3),285-298.
85. Wild, R.,Hope, B.(2003).DATQUAL: A Prototype E-Learning Application to Support Quality Management Practices in Service Industries.Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,14(6),695-713.
86. Yeo, R.(2003).Linking Organizational Learning to Organizational Performance and Success: Singapore Case Studies.Leadership & Organization Development Journal,24(1/2),70-83.
87. Zeitz, G.,Johannesson, R.,Ritchie, J. E.(1997).An employee survey measuring total quality management practices and culture: Development and validation.Group and Organization Management,22(4),414-445.

1. 李東杰、吳坤龍(2011)。品質因素對管理效率之影響分析：以汽車零組件上市、櫃及公開發行廠商為例。科技管理學刊，16(1)，75-110。