中國主要港埠營運績效之研究

A Study on Performance of Major Ports in China

10.29688/MHJ.200902.0015

劉元璟(Yuan-Jiing Liou)

港埠 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 績效評估 ； ports ； DEA ； performance measurement

明新學報

35卷1期（2009 / 02 / 01）

169 - 181

繁體中文

中國自經濟改革以來，隨著國民經濟的持續發展和內外貿經濟的大幅增長，港口貨物吞吐量和貨櫃吞吐量連續三年位列世界第一，而港口建設和設施規模不斷擴大的同時，架構也發生了顯著變化，形成了層次、功能的差距。 本研究採資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis; DEA) (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes; CCR)模式、(Banker, Charnes and Cooper; BCC)模式，以三個投入項（碼頭長度、泊位個數、萬噸级數），一個產出項（貨運量）評估中國15座主要港埠2003至2007年貨運營運績效，並運用Malmquist生產力指數分析生產力變動趨勢；以敏感度分析探討各項投入變數對於營運績效的影響。研究結果顯示，青島的各項效率表現最佳；營口、上海、福州等三座港埠連續五年達到最佳純技術效率；生產力變動趨勢均呈現遞增趨勢；萬噸級泊位對於港埠的營運績效有較大的影響，顯示深水碼頭對於港埠經營的重要性。

China experiences the economic development rapidly in recent years. The first place in tons of cargo and numbers of containers in the world for past three years was the ports in China. With rapid expansion of global business and international trade, China devotes to expanding ports facilities and container ports in China play important roles in international competitiveness. This study used DEA-CCR model and DEA-BCC model to measure the operational performances of 15 coast ports of China in 2003-2007. Malmquist index is utilized to examine productivity change in these ports. Sensitive analysis is used to identify the influences of individual input variable on the operational performance. Multiple inputs are the terminal length, the number of container berths and berth level of 10 thousand tons. Output is the container throughput. Results of this study show: Port Chingtao had the best performances in both technical efficiency and in pure technical efficiency during 2003-2007. Ports of Yingkou, Shanghai, and Fuchou experienced best performances in pure technical efficiency during the same time period. All 15 ports had negative productivity changes. Berth level of 10 thousand tons had a direct impact on managerial performance in these ports.

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