跨國／跨文化婚姻移民的人權保障與移民政策：法律與社會政策的跨領域對話

Protection of Human Rights for Transnational/Transcultural Marriage Migrants: Legal and Social Policy Perspectives

10.30094/NCCULJ.201107.0001

Abdul Paliwala；Anne Elizabeth Barlow；許碧純(Pi-Chun Hsu)

移民人權 ； 移民政策 ； 婚姻移民 ； 跨國婚姻 ； 跨文化婚姻 ； Human rights of immigrants ； immigrant policy ； marriage migrant ； transnational marriage ； transcultural marriage

中正大學法學集刊

34期（2011 / 07 / 01）

1 - 44

繁體中文

本文從法律及社會政策的跨學科知識分析跨國∕跨文化婚姻移民的人權保障與現行政策之間的關係。文章首先分析西方社會與伊斯蘭教移民對婚姻制度認定之相關爭論，在西方社會一夫一妻的婚姻制度下，往往忽略其他婚姻類型與文化，在人權與全球社會及性別正義關注的基礎上，如何保障跨國∕跨文化婚姻移民女性及其子女的人權是目前急待解決的問題。文章接著探討婚姻移民人權保障與移民政策之間複雜的關係，主要分析居留權與國籍、工作權、夫家的監控與家庭暴力、及離婚等議題，儘管國際間的法令傾向於保障婚姻移民者的人權，研究結果指出諸多國家的移民政策與法令最後仍可能限制移民人權的保障。另外，當國家刪減公共照顧政策的預算時，婚姻移民女性由於其多重弱勢，受害最深。本文最後提出未來如何從國家政策、社會運動的角色、婚姻移民女性的能動性促進婚姻移民女性的人權。

This Article analyses the relationships between the human rights of transnational/transcultural marriage migrants and immigrant policies through an interdisciplinary analysis. It examines the legal and social policy aspects of the relevant issues. First of all, this Article considers the controversy relating to various forms of marriage in Western societies and Islamic immigrant communities in the United Kingdom and North America. Western societies have long endorsed a monogamous marriage model and ignored other marriage models and cultures. To enhance the protection of human rights and realise global social and gender justice, this study analyses the ways to protect the human rights of transnational/transcultural marriage migrant women and their children. Second, it focuses on the complicated relationships between the human rights of marriage migrants and the immigrant policies on, inter alia, the right of residence, acquisition of nationality, and obtainment of employment rights. It must be noted that international laws have offered the protection of human rights to transnational/transcultural marriage migrants, but various domestic immigrant policies and laws weaken their rights. Third, it is often seen that the governmental support for caring work has been reduced, and thus, caregiving responsibilities have been turned back to the home. Migrant women are particularly vulnerable to being placed in the situations of harm owing to their multiple disadvantages. In its conclusion, this Article suggests that any consideration in the future must address the three dimensions of state policy and practice, the role of activism, and agency of migrant spouses in order to strengthen the protection of human rights for marriage migrants.

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