题名

The Effect of Surprise on Customer Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Status Consumption

DOI

10.6702/ijbi.2016.11.2.4

作者

Yahui Hsu;Wen-Chang Fang;Wang-Yun Tseng

关键词

Surprise ; status consumption ; satisfaction

期刊名称

International Journal of Business and Information

卷期/出版年月

11卷2期(2016 / 06 / 01)

页次

199 - 232

内容语文

英文

中文摘要

This study focused on the moderating role of different levels of status consumption on surprise (independent variable) and customer satisfaction (dependent variable). Two types of products - utilitarian and hedonic - were introduced unexpectedly to elicit surprise from participants. Three control variables were included: age, pre-consumption mood, and attitude toward the product. The experiment was manipulated with hypothetical scenarios in a 2 × 2 factorial design in a hotel setting. The sample population comprised 184 executive MBA students in northern Taiwan. Data from 176 of the participants were analyzed using the ANCOVA method. The results indicated that both utilitarian and hedonic products, given as a surprise, were effective in satisfying customers. The results showed, however, that customers with high levels of status consumption preferred hedonic products, whereas customers with low levels of status consumption preferred utilitarian products.

主题分类 基礎與應用科學 > 資訊科學
社會科學 > 經濟學
社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. Copeland, M.T. 1923. The relation of consumers' buying habits to marketing methods, Harvard Business Review 1: 182-289.
  2. Veblen, T. 1899. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions, New York: The Macmillan Co.
  3. Veblen, T. 1934. The Theory of the Leisure Class, New York: Random House.
  4. Anderson, J.C.,Gerbing, D.W.(1988).Structural modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.Psychological Bulletin,103(3),411-423.
  5. Arias-Bolzmann, L.,Chakraborty, G.,Mowen, J.C.(2000).Effects of absurdity in advertising: The moderating role of product category attitude and the mediating role of cognitive responses.Journal of Advertising,29(1),35-50.
  6. Babin. J.,Darden, W.R.,Griffin, M.(1994).Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value.Journal of Consumer Research,20,644-656.
  7. Barkow, J.H.(1992).Beneath new culture is old psychology: Gossip and social stratification.The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture,New York:
  8. Belk, R.W.,Bahn, K.D.,Mayer, R.N.(1982).Developmental recognition of consumption symbolism.Journal of Consumer Research,9,4-17.
  9. Berman, B.(2005).How to delight your customers.California Management Review,48(1),129-51.
  10. Bierstedt, R.(1970).The Social Order.New York:McGraw Hill.
  11. Blieszner, R.,Adams, R.G.(1992).Adult Friendship.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  12. Braun, O.L.,Wicklund, R.A.(1989).Psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption.Journal of Economic Psychology,161-187.
  13. Briñol, P.,Petty, R.E.,Valle, C.,Rucker, D.D.,Becerra, A.(2007).The effects of message recipients' power before and after persuasion: A self-validation analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,93,1040-1053.
  14. Brown, D.E.(1991).Human Universals.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  15. Bucklin, L.(1963).Retail strategy and the classification of consumer goods.Journal of Marketing,27,50-55.
  16. Carpenter, J.M.(2007).Consumer shopping value, satisfaction, and loyalty in discount retailing.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,15,358-363.
  17. Chen, S.,Lee-Chai, A.Y.,Bargh, J.A.(2001).Relationship orientation as a moderator of the effects of social power.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,80(2),173-187.
  18. Churchill, G.A.,Surprenant, C.(1982).An investigation into the determinants of customer satisfaction.Journal of Marketing Research,19(4),491-504.
  19. Dawson, S.,Cavell, J.(1986).Status recognition in the 1980s: Invidious distinction revisited.Advances in Consumer Research,14,487-491.
  20. Donnenwerth, G.V.,Foa, U.G.(1974).Effect of resource class on retaliation to injustice in interpersonal exchange.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,29(6),785-793.
  21. Eastman, J. K.,Goldsmith, R.E.,Flynn, L.R.(1999).Status consumption in consumer behavior: Scale development and validation.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,7(3),41-52.
  22. Ekman, P.,Wallace, V.G.(1975).Unmasking the Face.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
  23. Engel, J.F.,Blackwell, R.D.,Miniard, P.W.(1993).Consumer Behavior.New York:Dryden Press.
  24. Evanschitzky, H.,Woisetschläger, D.M.(2008).Too old to choose? The effects of age and age-related constructs on consumer decision making.Advances in Consumer Research-North American Conference Proceedings,35,630-636.
  25. Featherstone, M.(1987).Life-style and consumer culture.Theory, Culture and Society,4,55-70.
  26. Fornell, C.,Larcker, D.F.(1981).Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable and measurement error.Journal of Marketing Research,18(3),39-50.
  27. Försterling, F.(ed.),Stiensmeier-Pelster, J.(ed.)(1994).Attributionstheorie.Göttingen:Hofgrefe.
  28. Galinsky, A.D.,Magee, J.C.,Gruenfeld, D.H.,Whitson, J.A.,Liljenquistf, K.A.(2008).Social power reduces the strength of the situation: Implications for creativity, conformity, and dissonance.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,95,1450-1466.
  29. Ha, J.,Jang, S.C.S.(2010).Perceived values, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The role of familiarity in Korean restaurants.International Journal of Hospitality Management,29,2-13.
  30. Hair, J.F.,Anderson, R.E.,Tatham, R.L.,Black, W.C.(1998).Multivariate Data Analysis.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
  31. Hair, J.F.,Blakc, W.C.,Babin, B.J.,Anderson, R.E.,Tatham, R.I.(2006).Multivariate Data Analysis.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
  32. Han, Y.J.,Nunes, J.C.,Drèze, X.(2010).Signaling status with luxury goods: The role of brand prominence.Journal of Marketing,74,15-30.
  33. Hayakawa, S.I.(1963).Symbol, Status, and Personality.New York:Harcourt, Brace and Word, Inc.
  34. Heilman, C.M.,Nakamoto, K.,Rao, A.G.(2002).Pleasant surprises: Consumer response to unexpected in-store coupons.Journal of Marketing Research,39(2),242-252.
  35. Hirschman, E.C.,Holbrook, M.B.(1982).Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods, and propositions.Journal of Marketing,46,92-101.
  36. Kahle, L. R.(ed.),Chiagouris, L.(ed.)(1997).Values, Lifestyles, and Psychographics.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  37. Kemper, T D.(1991).Predicting emotions from social relations.Social Psychological Quarterly,54,330-42.
  38. Kim, M.G.,Mattila, A.S.(2010).The impact of mood states and surprise cues on satisfaction.International Journal of Hospitality Management,29,432-436.
  39. Kruglanski, A.(ed.),Higgins, E.T.(ed.)(2007).Social Psychology: A Handbook of Basic Principles.New York:Guilford.
  40. Lee, Y.H.(2000).Manipulating ad message involvement through information expectancy: Effects on attitude evaluation and confidence.Journal of Advertising,29(2),29-43.
  41. Leigh, J.H.,Gabel, T.G.(1992).Symbolic interactionism: Its effects on consumer behavior and implications for marketing strategy.The Journal of Consumer Marketing,9(1),27-38.
  42. Levy, S.J.(1978).Marketplace Behavior: Its Meaning for Management.New York:AMACOM.
  43. Mano, H.,Oliver, R.L.(1993).Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience: Evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction.Journal of Consumer Research,20,451-466.
  44. Mason, R.S.(1981).Conspicuous Consumption: A Study of Exceptional Consumer Behavior.New York:St. Martin's Press.
  45. Mattila, A.,Wirtz, J.(2000).The role of pre-consumption effect in post-purchase evaluation of services.Psychology & Marketing,17(7),587-605.
  46. Mellers, B.A.,Schwartz, A.,Ho, K.,Ritocv, I.(1997).Decision affect theory: Emotional reactions to the outcomes of risky options.Psychological Science,8(6),423-29.
  47. Mellers, B.A.,Schwartz, A.,Ho, K.,Ritov, I.(1999).Emotion-based choice.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,128(3),1-14.
  48. Meyer, W.U.,Niepel, M.,Rudolph, U.,Schϋtzwohl, A.(1991).An experimental analysis of surprise.Cognition and Emotion,5,294-311.
  49. Meyer, W.U.,Reisenzein, R.,Schϋtzwohl, A.(1997).Toward a process analysis of emotions: The case of surprise.Motivation and Emotion,21(3),251-274.
  50. Meyers, W.(1984).The Image Makers.New York:Times Books.
  51. Murphy, P.E.,Enis, B.M.(1986).Classifying products strategically.Journal of Marketing,50(3),24-42.
  52. Namasivayam, K.,Mattila, A.(2007).Accounting for the joint effects of the servicescape and service exchange on consumers' satisfaction evaluations.Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research,31(1),3-18.
  53. Nunnally, J.C.(1978).Psychometric Theory.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  54. O'Cass, A.,Frost, H.(2002).Status brands: Examining the effects of non-productrelated brand associations on status and conspicuous consumption.Journal of Product & Brand Management,11(2),67-88.
  55. O'Cass, A.,McEwen, E.(2004).Exploring consumer status and conspicuous consumption.Journal of Consumer Behavior,4(1),25-3.
  56. Oliver, R.L.(1992).An investigation of the attribute basis of emotion and related affects in consumption: Suggestions for a stage-specific satisfaction framework.Advances in Consumer Research,19,237-244.
  57. Oliver, R.L.(1997).Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer.Singapore:McGraw-Hill.
  58. Oliver, R.L.(1980).A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions.Journal of Marketing Research,17,460-469.
  59. Oliver, R.L.,Rust, R.T.,Varki, S.(1997).Customer delight: Foundations, findings, and managerial insight.Journal of Retailing,73(3),311-36.
  60. Ortony, A.,Clore, G.L.,Collins, A.(1998).The Cognitive Structure of Emotions.Cambridge:University Press.
  61. Packard, V.(1987).The Hidden Persuaders.New York:Van Rees Press.
  62. Plutchik, R.(1980).Emotion: A Psycho-Evolutionary Synthesis.New York:Harper & Row.
  63. Reisenzein, R.(2000).Exploring the strength of association between the components of emotion syndrome: The case of surprise.Cognition and Emotion,9(1),5-31.
  64. Reisenzein, R.,Studtmann, M.(2007).On the expression and experience of surprise: No evidence for facial feedback, but evidence for a reverse self-inference effect.Emotion,7(3),612-627.
  65. Richins, M.L.(1997).Measuring emotions in the consumption experience.Journal of Consumer Research,24(2),127-146.
  66. Rucker, D.D.,Galinsky, A.D.(2008).Desire to acquire: Powerlessness and compensatory consumption.Journal of Consumer Research,35,257-267.
  67. Rucker, D.D.,Galinsky, A.D.(2009).Conspicuous consumption versus utilitarian ideals: How different levels of power shape consumer behavior.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(3),549-555.
  68. Rust, R.T.,Oliver, R.I.(2000).Should we delight the customer?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,28(1),86-94.
  69. Rust, R.T.,Zahorik, A.J.,Keiningham, T.L.(1996).Service Marketing.New York:Harper Collins.
  70. Ruyter, K.,Bloemer, J.(1999).Customer loyalty in extended service settings: The interaction between satisfaction, value attainment and positive mood.International Journal of Service Industry Management,10(3),320-336.
  71. Ryu, K.,Han, H.,Kim, T.(2008).The relationship among overall quick-casual restaurant image, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,27(3),459-469.
  72. Scherer, K.R.(ed.),Ekman, P.(ed.)(1984).Approaches to Emotion.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrance Erlbaum Associates Inc.
  73. Schudson, M.(1984).Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion.New York:Basic Books, Inc.
  74. Schϋtzwohl, A.(1998).Surprise and schema strength.Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition,24(5),1182-1199.
  75. Scitovsky, T.(1992).The Joyless Economy.New York:Oxford University Press.
  76. Snyder, M.,Debono, K.(1985).Appeals to image and claims about quality: Understanding the psychology of advertising.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49(3),586-597.
  77. Thomas, S. R.(ed.),Harold, H. K.(ed.)(1991).Handbook of Consumer Theory and Research.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:PrenticeHall.
  78. Torres, E.N.,Kline, S.(2006).From customer satisfaction to delight: A model for hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,18(4),290-301.
  79. Turner, B.S.(1988).Status.Minneapolis, MN:The University of Minnesota Press.
  80. Valenzuela, A.,Mellers, B.,Strebel, J.(2010).Pleasurable surprises: A cross-culture study of consumer responses to unexpected incentives.Journal of Consumer Research,36(5),792-805.
  81. Vanhamme, J.,Snelders, D.(2003).What if you surprise your customers. . .Will they be more satisfied? Findings from a pilot experiment.Advances in Consumer Research,30,48-55.
  82. Vanhamme, J.,Snelders, D.(2001).The role of surprise in satisfaction judgments.Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction, and Complaining Behavior,14,27-45.
  83. Varki, S.,Rust, R.(1997).Satisfaction is relative.Marketing Research,15-19.
  84. Voss, G.,Parasuraman, A.,Grewal, D.(1998).The roles of price, performance and expectations in determining satisfaction in service exchanges.Journal of Marketing,62(4),46-61.
  85. Voss, K.E.,Spangenberg, E.R.,Grohmann, B.(2003).Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude.Journal of Marketing Research,40,310-320.
  86. Weick, M.,Guinote, A.(2008).When subjective experiences matter: Power increases reliance on the ease of retrieval.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,94(6),956-970.
  87. Wernick, A.(1983).Advertising and ideology: An interpretive framework.Theory, Culture and Society,2,16-33.
  88. Westbrook, A.R.,Oliver, R.L.(1991).The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and consumer satisfaction.Journal of Consumer Research,18(1),84-91.
  89. Westbrook, R.A.(1987).Product/consumption-based affective responses and postpurchase processes.Journal of Marketing Research,24,258-270.
  90. Whittlesea, B.W.A.,Williams, L.D.(2001).The discrepancy-attribution hypothesis. II. Expectation, uncertainty, surprise, and feelings of familiarity.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,27(1),14-33.
  91. Wilson, T.D.,Centerbar, D.B.,Kermer, D.A.,Gilbert, D.T.(2005).The pleasures of uncertainty: Prolonging positive moods in ways people do not anticipate.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,88(1),5-21.
  92. Wolin, L.D.(2003).Gender issues in advertising - An oversight synthesis of research: 1970-2002.Journal of Advertising Research,43(1),111-129.
  93. Wright, J.A.(2005).Texas,A&M University.
  94. Wyer, R.S., Jr.(ed.),Srull, T.K.(ed.)(1984).Handbook of Social. Cognition 1.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
  95. Zeithaml, V.A.(ed.)(1990).Review of Marketing.Chicago, IL.:American Marketing Association.