從勞動所得估計臺灣的人力資本生產與投資

The Estimation of Human Capital Production and Investment from Earnings

10.29629/TEFP.200803.0004

江豐富(Feng-Fuh Jiang)

勞動所得 ； 人力資本 ； 學習能力 ； 折舊率 ； 貼現率 ； Earnings ； Human capital ； Learning ability ； Depreciation rate ； Discount rate

臺灣經濟預測與政策

38卷2期（2008 / 03 / 01）

111 - 140

繁體中文

本研究根據Ben-Porath(1967)的「生命週期勞動所得極大化的人力資本投資模型」，建立可被估計的勞動所得函數，實證探討臺灣勞工的人力資本累積及其影響因素。採用1996年至2003年行政院主計處「人力運用調查」的男性個體合併資料，實證結果顯示學歷愈高者，其學習能力愈強，其所面對的借貸利率或折現率愈低，且其所擁有的人力資本或知識技能的折舊率也愈低，因而其對於人力資本的投資愈多，故其勞動所得愈高。因此，除了有關的財政措施外，改善弱勢者的學習能力與學習環境，提供低廉便捷的職業訓練和訓練貸款或補助，乃成爲解決貧富差距的積極手段。

An empirically estimatable age-earnings profile is built based on the Ben-Porath earnings-maximizing life cycle model of human capital accumulation. The earnings profile explicitly links labor earnings and human capital investments so as to estimate the scale parameters of the human capital production function and the rates of discount and human capital depreciation, which are the crucial factors in determining the optimal time path of human capital investment. Making use of household data taken from the May 1996-2003 Manpower Utilization Surveys of Taiwan, those who are more educated are found to have a higher learning ability (i.e., endowed ability to produce additional human capital) but with a lower depreciation rate and a smaller discount rate. The empirical finding not only helps explain why the more educated invest more in human capital so as to have a greater capacity of earnings, but also carries the implication that in addition to the current fiscal instruments, providing the poor with better learning environments and more accessible training programs, accompanied by lower training costs or higher training subsidies, is an active labor market means to improve the unequal distribution of wealth.

1. Antràs, P.,L. Garicano,E. Rossi-Hansberg(2006).Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy.Quarterly Journal of Economics,121(1),31-77.
2. Becker, G. S.(1964).Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education.New York:Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.
3. Ben-Porath, Y.(1967).The Production of Human Capital and the Life Cycle of Earnings.Journal of Political Economy,75(4),352-365.
4. Berger, M. C.(1985).The Effect of Cohort Size on Earnings Growth: A Reexamination of the Evidence.Journal of Political Economy,93(3),561-573.
5. Blinder, A. B.,Y. Weiss(1976).Human Capital and Labor Supply: A Synthesis.Journal of Political Economy,84(3),449-472.
6. Connelly, R.(1986).A Framework for Analyzing the Impact of Cohort Size on Education and Labor Earnings.Journal of Human Resources,21(4),543-562.
7. Fortin, N. M.(2006).Higher-Education Policies and the College Wage Premium: Cross-State Evidence from the 1990s.American Economic Review,96(4),959-987.
8. Heckman, J. J.,N. E. Terleckyj, (ed.)(1976).Household Production and Consumption.New York:Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.
9. Jiang, F.-F.(1987).Labor Force Intermittency, Human Capital Investment (Production) and the Formulation of the Intermittency-Oriented Disposable Earnings.IEAS Discussion Paper.
10. Johnson, T.(1978).Time in School: The Case of the Prudent Patron.American Economic Review,68(5),862-872.
11. Johnson, T.,F. J. Hebein(1974).Investments in Human Capital and Growth in Personal Income 1956-1966.American Economic Review,64(4),604-615.
12. Judge, G. G.,W. E. Griffiths,R. C. Hill,H. Lütkepohl,T.-C. Lee(1985).The Theory and Practice of Econometrics.New York:John Wiley and Sons.
13. Lévy-Garboua, L.,N. Damoiselet,G. Lassibille,L. Navarro-Gomez,C. Sofer, (ed.)(2004).Human Capital Over the Life Cycle: A European Perspective.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar.
14. Maestas, N.,B. Madrian,O. S. Mitchell,B. J. Soldo, (eds)(2006).Redefining Retirement: How Will Boomers Fare?.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
15. Mincer, J.(1974).Schooling, Experience and Earnings.New York:Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.
16. Mincer, J.(1962).On-The-Job Training: Costs, Returns, and Some Implications.Journal of Political Economy,70(5-2),50-79.
17. Monks, J.(1998).The Effect of Uncertain Returns on Human Capital Investment Patterns.Atlanatic Economic Journal,26(4),413-419.
18. Polachek, S. W.(1975).Differences in Expected Post-School Investment as a Determinant of Market Wage Differentials.International Economic Review,16(2),451-470.
19. Ralston, M. L.,R. I. Jennrich(1978).Dud, A Derivative-Free Algorithm for Nonlinear Least Squares.Technometrics,20(1),7-14.
20. Ratkowsky, D. A.(1990).Handbook of Nonlinear Regression Models.New York:Marcel Dekker.
21. Willis, R. J.,S. Rosen(1979).Education and Self-Selection.Journal of Political Economy,87(5-2),7-36.
22. 吳惠林、王怡修(2006)。我國科技人力供需推估之研究。行政院經濟建設委員會95年度委託研究計畫。

1. 陳建良,曹添旺,林佑龍(2019)。臺灣個人勞動所得不均度成因之分解。經濟研究，55(2)，147-190。
2. 黃芳玫,陳欣宜(2020)。農漁會信用部與其他金融機構之薪資差異與薪資拆解。農業與經濟，64，1-45。
3. 江豐富(2011)。失業、非典型就業的人口組成與工資率分析。臺灣經濟預測與政策，42(1)，75-118。
4. 江豐富(2016)。臺灣現職工作期間之存續分析—兼具加速失敗時間與比例風險計量的 Weibull 分析。臺灣經濟預測與政策，47(1)，67-106。
5. 江豐富(2020)。臺灣就業和非就業之多元選擇、工資式的一般化兩階段估計、與樣本選擇偏誤成因。臺灣經濟預測與政策，50(2)，45-94。
6. 張宜君,林宗弘,李俊穎(2022)。再探臺灣階級與世代的收入差異，1990－2020。臺灣經濟預測與政策，53(1)，41-78。
7. (2014)。被綁架的世代－教育與職業的漩渦。社區發展季刊，146，33-52。
8. (2020)。時勢造英雄？臺灣個人所得的世代差異，1992–2017。臺灣社會學刊，68，61-120。