中文摘要
|
本文的目的在於根據臺灣動態一般均衡模型(DGEMT)評估能源稅及其減稅配套方案對產業及整體物價、經濟成長、能源需求及CO2排放之影響。最後並提出政策建議,以供政府修訂能源稅及相關配套政策的參考。政策模擬模型爲DGEMT或Liang and Jorgenson(2003)模型。本文的主要結論及建議如下:課徵能源稅並實施減稅配套對CO2的減量及節能有顯著成效,對經濟的影響則相對輕微,且有助於改善產業結構。課徵能源稅及其減稅配套措施至2018年CO2及空氣污染減排之總社會效益爲1,517.1億元。將社會效益減掉經濟成長降低所造成的社會成本1,155.6億元,尚得社會淨效益達361.5億元。因此課徵能源稅並採減稅配套屬經濟可行,值得政府採行。能源稅若能落實按能源的含碳量課徵(即課徵碳稅),則能源稅的CO2減量效果會更佳,對經濟的影響會更低,經濟可行性也將更高。
|
英文摘要
|
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of an energy tax with tax reform on the price, output growth, energy demand and CO2 emission by sector and for the economy as a whole. The findings will be useful for policy making. The simulationmodel employed is a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Taiwan (DGEMT) or Liang and Jorgensen (2003) Model. The major findings of this paper are as follows: (1) To implement an energy tax with tax reform will result in a significant improvement in CO2 reduction and industrial restructuring, while it has a moderately negative impact on inflation and economic growth. (2) The benefit of imposing an energy tax in terms of the reduction of CO2 and air pollution is estimated at NT $151.71 billion in 2018. Compared with the loss of GDP (NT $115.56 billion), the net benefit of imposing an energy tax amounts to NT $36.15 billion in 2018. Consequently, we conclude that to implement an energy tax with tax reform is economically feasible, and hence it is worthy adoption by the government. It is also suggested that the energy tax should be levied according to energy carbon content (i.e. carbon tax) to enhance its effect on CO2 reduction and to moderate its negative impact on the economy.
|
参考文献
|
-
梁啓源(2007)。我國永續發展之能源價格政策。臺灣經濟預測與政策,37(2),1-35。
連結:
-
Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol
-
Economic and Energy Systern Implications of European CO2 Mitigation Strategy: Synthesis of Results from Model Based Analysis
-
Ho, C-S.,C.-F. Lin,J.-S. Wang(2001).The Econometric Analysis Trade Relationship in the Asia-Pacific Area.International Conference on Trade, Investment, and Industrial Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region,Taipei:
-
Jorgenson, D. W.(1984).Aggregate Consumer Behavior and the Measurement of Inequality and an Econometric Approach to General Equilibrium Analysis.Taipei:Institute of Economics, Academic Sinica.
-
Jorgenson, D. W.,C.-Y. Liang(1985).A Study of Energy-Economic Model of Taiwan.Project Report submitted to Energy Committee, Ministry of Economic Affairs.
-
Jorgenson, D. W.,D. T. Slesnick(1984).Aggregate Consumer Behavior and the Measurement of Inequality.Review of Economic Studies,51(3),369-392.
-
Jorgenson, D. W.,D. T. Slesnick,W. E. Diewert (eds),C. Montmarquette (eds)(1983).Price Level Measurement.Ottawa:Statistics Canada.
-
Jorgenson, D. W.,P. J. Wilcoxen(1993).Reducing US Carbon Emissions: An Econometric General Equilibrium Assessment.Resource and Energy Economics,15(1),7-25.
-
Analysis of Post-Kyoto Scenarios: The AIM Model
-
Liang, C.-Y.(1983).A Study on the Translog Model of Aggregate Consumer Demand for Energy in Taiwan.Academia Economic Papers,11(2),167-218.
-
Liang, C.-Y.,D. W. Jorgenson,C.-C. Chang (eds.),R. Mendelsohn (eds.),R. Shaw (eds.)(2003).Global Warming and the Asian Pacific.Aldershot:Edward Elgar.
-
The Kyoto Protocol: A Cost-Effective Strategy for Meeting Environmental Objectives?
-
McKibbin, W. J.,R. Shackleton,P. J. Wilcoxen(1998).The Potential Effects of International Carbon Emissions Permit Trading under the Kyoto Protocol.Economics and Environment Network Working Paper, No. 9805.
-
The Cost of Mitigating United States Carbon Emissions in the Post-2000 Period
-
An Economic Assessment of the Kyoto Protocol using the Global Trade and Environment Model
-
A (Preliminary) Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol Using the OECD GREEN Model
-
Vollebergh, H. R. J.(2008).Lessons from the Polder: Energy Tax Design in The Netherlands from a Climate Change Perspective.Ecological Economics, Elsevier,64(3),660-672.
-
吳再益(2007)。我國課徵能源稅之經濟影響初步評估。碳經濟,5,25-33。
-
李堅明、林幸樺、林師模、黃宗煌、楊晴雯、蘇漢邦(2005)。溫室氣體減量模式、減量情境、減量成本及其影響評估-TAIGEM-Ⅲ的應用。臺灣經濟論衡,3(2),1-49。
-
林幸樺、蘇漢邦(2007)。開徵能源稅之雙紅利效果評估。碳經濟,5,52-62。
-
梁啓源(2005)。臺灣空氣污染之社會外部成本與臺電公司空污防治成本效益分析。臺電工程月刊,681,26-39。
-
梁啓源(2006)。電價調整對電力需求及臺灣經濟之影響。行政院國家科學委員會94年度專題研究計畫。
-
梁啓源(1999)。碳稅之CO2減量效果及其對經濟成長之影響。行政院國家科學委員會88年度專題研究計畫。
-
梁啓源(2000)。溫室氣體排放減量無悔政策研擬。行政院環境保護署89年度委託研究計畫。
-
梁啓源(2005)。碳稅對臺灣CO2排放及經濟發展之影響(1999-2020)。經濟前瞻,99,51-54。
-
梁啓源(2005)。臺灣經濟成長、能源需求與二氧化碳基線資料之建立-2004-2020年。行政院經濟建設委員會93年度委託研究計畫。
-
梁啓源(2007)。能源稅相關問題之釐清與經濟影響評估。行政院財政部諮詢專家意見報告。
-
許志義、柏雲昌、楊浩彥、郭迺鋒、蔡光第(1995)。課徵碳稅對臺灣經濟影響之分析。中華民國能源經濟學術研討會論文集,臺北:
-
郭迺鋒、楊浩彥、溫麗琪(1999)。碳稅收入循環利用之「雙重紅利」效果-臺灣多部門CGE實證模型。東吳經濟學術研討會,臺北:
-
黃宗煌(2007)。京都議定書經濟影響評估模型之建立、持續維護及調整(2/5)。行政院經濟建設委員會96年度委託研究計畫。
-
黃宗煌、李秉正、徐世勳、林師模、劉錦龍(1999)。溫室氣體減量成本效益分析-TAIGEM模型建構暨減量策略之經濟評估。行政院環境保護署88年度委託研究計畫。
-
楊任徵(1996)。因應氣候變遷之能源政策調整。經濟部能源委員會85年度委託研究計畫。
-
臺灣經濟永續發展會議秘書處(2006)。臺灣經濟永續發展會議全體會議總結報告。
-
蕭代基、羅時芳、王京明、黃耀輝(2007)。推動能源稅之影響評估及應有配套措施之研究。行政院經濟建設委員會95年度委託研究計畫。
|