容器材質對尿液鎘含量檢測值之影響

The Influence of Container Material on the Test Result of Urine Cadmium

10.6200/TCMJ.2013.10.4.06

沈怡君(Yi-Jyun Shen)；魏秋芳(Chiou-Fang Wei)；陳玉華(Yu-Hua Chen)；李黛苹(Tai-Ping Lee)

鎘（Cadmium，Cd） ； 聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP） ； 聚苯乙烯（Polystyrene，PS） ； Cadmium ； polypropylene ； Polystyrene

北市醫學雜誌

10卷4期（2013 / 12 / 30）

347 - 354

繁體中文

鎘（Cadmium，Cd）常經由工廠或桶裝、瓶裝等容器釋放出來，排放到環境中，但未必就會導致曝露，只有在接觸到時才會曝露到此物質，此外還有其他因素決定是否會引起身體傷害，這些因素包括劑量的多寡、時間的長短、曝露的過程（吸入、食入、飲入或是皮膚接觸）以及加上其他化學物質的接觸；另外個人的因素像是性別、年齡、家族史、生活型態及健康狀況等也會有所影響。人體內有沒有鎘中毒除了由臨床症狀有所表現外，亦可由醫學檢驗得知，人們可依據血液中及尿液中的鎘含量來判定之。只是在檢驗的同時，須注意避免使用的容器也會釋出鎘金屬而造成之偽陽性影響結果。本實驗收集本科同仁之隨機三次尿液，利用本院各種尿液收集容器分別含聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP）以及聚苯乙烯（Polystyrene，PS）的6種不同種類容器來檢驗尿中鎘含量，因一般檢驗尿中鎘含量的容器大都使用PP材質容器，此次實驗為觀察盛裝容器是否影響尿中鎘含量檢驗數據。尿液收集後，將檢體送至台北病理中心，利用石墨爐原子吸收光譜檢驗方法可得知尿中鎘含量數值。根據檢驗結果顯示PS材質的尿液收集管穩定性較不穩，其材質易影響的數據，造成偽陽性的結果；而PP材質的尿液收集管穩定性較高，檢測出結果誤差較小。由此看來，PP材質的尿液收集管應為較適合用來監測尿中鎘含量之容器。

Heavy metal ions such as Cadmium (Cd) can be liberated into environment from barrels, bottles and other containers in the factory. However, only direct contact with Cd poses risk to the human body. The determination factors including exposure dose, duration (inhalation, ingestion, drinking, or skin contact), and additional contact with other chemicals may affect the clinical outcome. In addition, individual factors such as gender, age, family history, life style and health status, also contribute to the clinical manifestations of Cd poisoning. Cd poisoning can be evaluated by clinical symptoms as well as monitoring of Cd concentration in blood and urine. To accurately measure urine Cd, free Cd released from the sampling utensils should be avoided. In the present study, we use six different urinary containers that are made of polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) plastic materials to determine whether the materials may affect the detection of urine Cd concentration. Cd concentration in the urine samples was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Our results showed that PS containers resulted in data instability that may cause false positive results in the urine samples. On the other hand, PP containers guarantee data accuracy. Taken together, use of PP container will be better accepted for the detection of urine cadmium.