越南「好女性」的文化邊界與「越南新娘」：「尊嚴」vs.「靈魂之債」

The Cultural Boundary of "Good Women" in Vietnam and "Vietnamese Brides": "Pride" vs. "Debt of the Soul"

10.7039/TJSAST.200604.0037

李美賢(Mei-Hsien Lee)

文化邊界 ； 跨國婚姻 ； 越南新娘 ； 好女性 ； 好婚姻 ； cultural boundaries ； cross-border marriage ； Vietnamese brides ； good woman ； good marriage

台灣東南亞學刊

3卷1期（2006 / 04 / 01）

37 - 62

繁體中文

越南社會在台越跨國婚姻議題上，呈現出「尊嚴」與「靈魂之債」價值的對立，即「邊陲／下層／家庭的生存」與「中央／上層／精英的國族尊嚴」的對立；許多越南傳統鄉村「家庭的『好女兒』」，卻同時成了國族的『壞女孩』」。本研究認為，「好女性」的文化邊界在越南社會，沿著階級邊界呈現價值的衝突。這些為家庭生計而遠嫁他方的「越南新娘」，在試圖維持「下層／邊緣／鄉村」的「好女性」的文化邊界－犧牲、利他、孝／順－的同時，卻跨越了越南上層／知識／精英的「好女性」的「好婚姻」文化邊界－自主、真愛、尊嚴－的婚姻。68號決議案及相關後續修法，昭示了越南政府企圖透過公共政策來捍衛國家的「尊嚴」。這樣的政策行動，企圖建構一個屬於整體國族的文化邊界；然而，呈現的並不是重劃邊界，是權力的展現－肯定與強化「上層／核心／中央／精英」認同的文化邊界標誌。

Are those ”Vietnamese brides”, who marry Taiwanese as a means to help their families to get a better-off future, ”good women” or ”bad women”? In Vietnam, a girl from a traditional family believes that by ”sacrificing” her own interest, or giving up her own dreams, in order to help her parents or brothers is something that a ”good daughter or sister” should do for her family. For girls of this kind, helping their families is for them, their ”a debt of the soul.” However, in the eyes of Vietnamese elites, these ”Vietnamese brides” are ”bad women” for they pursue a kind of marriage that is not based on ”true love” but on ”economic reasons.” They see this kind of cross-border marriage as ”a national shame” and one that should be ”prohibited” by law. From the perspective of cultural boundaries, this paper argues that the border line of ”good women” in Vietnam is one that has been drawn by upper-class Vietnamese who see ”marriage with true love” as a form of human ”pride” and is one of a prior value that should be adopted by ”good women”. And this border line excludes those ”good women” who are prepared to put their family's interest before her own interest, even though it may result sometimes in their having to marry someone they do not love.

1. 政府總理第03/2005/CT-TTg號
2. 越南政府第68/2002/NĐ-CP號決議案
3. Amstrong, John(2003).Conditions of Love: The Philosophy of Intimacy.UK:Penguin Books, Ltd.
4. Barth, F.(1969).Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: the social organization of cultural difference.London:George Allen and Unwin/Bergen; Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.
5. Beck, Ulrich、E. Beck-Gernsheim原著、蘇鋒山、魏書娥、陳雅馨譯(2000)。愛情的正常性混亂。台北，新店:立緒文化。
6. Re-examining the Rhetoric of the 'Cultural Border'
7. Re-examining the Rhetoric of the 'Cultural Border'
8. Dube, Leela(1997).Women and Kinship: Comparative perspectives on gender in South and South-East Asia.Tokyo, NY, Paris:United Nations University Press.
9. Erickson, F.,J. A. Banks,C. A. M. Banks (eds.)(1997).Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives.Boston, MA:Allyn and Bacon.
10. Freneir, Mariam Darce,Kimberly Mancini,Kathleen Barry (ed.)(1996).Vietnam Women in Transition.NY:St. Martin`s Press, Inc.
11. Gellner, Ernest(1983).Nations and Nationalism.Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press.
12. Goodkind, D.(1995).Rising gender inequality in Vietnam since reunification.Pacific Affairs,68(3),342-359.
13. Huynh Dinh Te(1962).Columbia University.
14. Jayawardena, Kumari(1994).Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World.London and New Jersey:Zed Books Ltd.
15. Jejeebhoy, Shireen J.(1995).Women Education, Autonomy, and Reproductive Behaviour: Experience from Developing Countries.Oxford:Clarendon Press.
16. Kerber, Linda K.(1988).Separate Spheres, Women`s World, Woman`s Place The Rhetoric of Women`s History.Journal of American History,75(1),9-39.
17. Koichiro Toyama(2001).Young Vietnam: Doi Moi Children.Singapore:THINK Centre.
18. Koven, Seth,Sonya Michel(1990).Womanly Duties: Maternalism Politics and the Origins of Welfare States in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, 1809-1920.American Historical Review,95,1079.
19. Ladd-Taylor, Molly(1994).Mother-Work: Women, Child Welfare, and the State, 1890-1930.Urbana and Chicago:University of Illinois Press.
20. Le Thi Nham Tuyet(2002).Images of the Vietnamese Women in the New Millennium.Hanoi:The Gioi.
21. Lugo, A.,D. E. Johnson,S. Michaelson (eds.)(1997).Border theory.Minneapolis, MN:University of Minnesota.
22. Mai Thi Tu,Le Thi Nham Tuyet(1978).Women in Vietnam.Hanoi:
23. Malarney, Malarney Kingsley(2002).Culture, Ritual and Revolution in Vietnam.London:Routledge Curzon.
24. Man, David G.(1981).Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920-1945.Berkeley:University of Califomia Press.
25. Awareness of Rural Malaysian Women of Gender Based Inequalities: A Discussion on the Impact of Acquired Awareness on Their Achievements and Success
26. Mooney, Christopher Z.,Mei-Hsien Lee(2000).The Influence of Values on Consensus and Contentious Morality Policy.Journal of Politics,62(1),223-239.
27. Nguyen Duy Binh(2002)。台灣新郞與越南新娘婚姻觀念。台灣與越南的經濟文化關係，1992-2002國際研討會論文集
28. Nguyen Thuy,Le Thi Nham Tuyet (ed.)(2002).Images of the Vietnamese Women in the New Millennium.Hanoi:The Gioi.
29. Nguyen Tuan Minh(1992).A wedding without the nuptial night.Tien phong chu nhat,44
30. O`Harrow, Stephen,Wazir Jahan Karim (ed.)(1995).Male? and emale? in developing Southeast Asia.Oxford and Washington, D.C.:Berg.
31. Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar(2003).Servants of Globalization Women, Migration and Domestic Work.Quezon City:Ateneo De Manila University Press.
32. Setsuko Owada-Shibuya(2002).Confucianism in Vietnam.Ho Chi Minh:Vietnam National University.
33. Stivens, Maila,Glen Chandler,Norma Sullivan,Jan Branson, (eds.)(1988).Development and Displacement: Women in Southeast Asia.Clayton, Vic, Australia:Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University.
34. Wisensale, Steven K.(1999).Marriage and Family Law in a Changing Vietnam.Journal of Family Issues,20(5),602-616.
35. 李美賢、蕭新煌主編(2003)。台灣與東南亞：南向政策與越南新娘。台北:中央研究院。
36. 李美賢、蕭新煌主編(2005)。階級、文化邊界與國家政策：從「68/2002/NĐ-CP」決議案及後續相關法規命令看「越南新娘」。2005年台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會，南投:
37. 李美賢、蕭新煌主編(2006)。「我們」爲什麼要管「他們」的家務事：從「我族認同」的道德識域看「台越」婚姻移民政策。2006年台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會，台南:
38. 陳佩瑜(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。南投，國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所。
39. 陳銘真、Do Thi Hoang Lan(2005)。從傳統到現代：越南婦女勞動、性別關係與文化價值觀之轉變。2005年台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會，南投:
40. 中國時報(2006/02/11)
41. 鄭雅雯(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。花蓮，國立東華大學族群關係與文化研究所。
42. 龔宜君(2005)。2005年台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會。南投:國立暨南國際大學。

1. 許敏祝(2016)。新住民受暴婦女就業與賦能之探討 -以南部地區越南國籍配偶為例。長榮大學社會工作學系（所）學位論文。2016。1-125。