從林文慶儒教認同的思想形成再探新馬儒教運動(1894-1911)的性質

Re-examining Lim Boon Keng's Identity with Confucianism and the Nature of the Confucian Revival Movement in Singapore and Malaya (1894-1911)

10.7039/TJSAST.200910.0077

張靜(Jing Zhang)

林文慶 ； 新馬儒教運動 ； 身份認同 ； 文化認同 ； Lim Boon Keng ； the Confucian Revival Movement in Singapore and Malaya ； ethnic Identity ； cultural Identity

台灣東南亞學刊

6卷2期（2009 / 10 / 01）

77 - 95

繁體中文

林文慶(1869-1957)是上世紀新加坡最傑出的華人知識分子之一。他所參與領導的新馬儒教運動(1894-1911)是新馬華人社會史上的重大事件。關於此次運動的性質，學者多以海外華僑對民族文化的認同來解釋，將之視作一次對傳統道德價值觀的復興運動。本文主要考察了林文慶的思想形成過程以及在這場運動中的思想論戰活動，通過探討林文慶認同儒教的思想根源及其推行儒教的動機，重新思考這場儒教運動的性質及其在新馬文化思想史上的意義。

Lim Boon Keng (1869-1957), arguably one of the most outstanding ethnic Chinese intellectuals in Singapore during the twentieth century, took part in and led the Confucian Revival Movement in Singapore and Malaya (1894-1911), which turned out to be a very important event in the social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya. Researchers tend to interpret the nature of this movement in terms of the ethnic and cultural identity of the Chinese overseas, regarding it as a revival of the traditional moral values of the community. This paper examines the development of Lim’s thoughts and his arguments during this movement and, through tracing the sources of Lim's thoughts and his motives in promoting Confucianism, presents an alternative analysis of the nature and significance of this movement in the history of culture and thoughts in Singapore and Malaya.

1. Evangelicus(1900).Straits Chinese Reform 6.Straits Chinese Magazine,14(4),49-57.
2. Evangelicus(1905).The Confucian Ideal.Straits Chinese Magazine,3(9),115-119.
3. Evangelicus(1987).The Diamond Jubilee.Straits Chinese Magazine,1(1),25-28.
4. Evangelicus(1899).Straits Chinese Reform 3.Straits Chinese Magazine,11(3),102-105.
5. Evangelicus(1899).Straits Chinese Reform 4.Straits Chinese Magazine,12(3),163-166.
6. Evangelicus(1913).Socialism among the Chinese.Proceedings of the Straits Philosophical Society.
7. Evangelicus(1904).Confucian Cosmogony and Theism.Straits Chinese Magazine,2(8),78-85.
8. Evangelicus(1900).Straits Chinese Reform 5.Straits Chinese Magazine,13(4),25-30.
9. Evangelicus(1904).Straits Chinese Educational Needs.Straits Chinese Magazine,1(8),9-10.
10. Evangelicus(1904).Ethical Education for the Straits Chinese.Straits Chinese Magazine,1(8),25-30.
11. Evangelicus(1917).The Great War From the Confucian Point of View and Kindred Topics.Singapore:The Straits Albion Press.
12. Evangelicus(1901).Biblical Teaching and Christian Practice.Straits Chinese Magazine,20(5),141-147.
13. Evangelicus(1899).Straits Chinese Reform 2.Straits Chinese Magazine,10(3),57-59.
14. Evangelicus(1899).Straits Chinese Reform 1.Straits Chinese Magazine,9(3),22-25.
15. Evangelicus(1897).Our Enemies.Straits Chinese Magazine,2(1),52-58.
16. Evangelicus(1910).The Chinese in British Malaya.Proceedings of the Straits Philosophical Society.
17. Evangelicus,Historicus(1901).Reflections on Biblical Teaching and Christian Practice.Straits Chinese Magazine,19(5),104-108.
18. Evangelicus,Wen Ching(1900).The Soul.Straits Chinese Magazine,16(4),129-134.
19. Khor Eng Hee、陳育崧譯、李業霖譯(1958)。The Public Life of Dr. Lim Boon Keng。
20. Song Ong Siang(1967).One Hundred Years' History of the Chinese in Singapore.Singapore:University Malaya Press.
21. Song Ong Siang(1905).In Memoriam-Mrs. Lim Boon Keng.Straits Chinese Magazine,4(9),191-193.
22. Yen Ching-Hwang(1976).The Confucian Revival Movement in Singapore and Malaya,1899-1911.Journal of Southeast Asia Studies,1(7),33-57.
23. 王潤華(2006)。林文慶與魯迅、馬華作家與郁達夫衝突的多元解讀：誰是中心，誰是邊緣？。亞洲文化，30，106-112。
24. 李元瑾(1990)。亞洲文化。新加坡:新加坡亞洲學會。
25. 李元瑾(1987)。林文慶的儒教思想。亞洲文化，10，95-122。
26. 李元瑾(2001)。東西文化的撞擊與新華知識份子的三種回應：邱菽園、林文慶、宋旺相的比較硏究。新加坡:新加坡國立大學中文系。
27. 李元瑾編(2001)。南大學人。新加坡:新加坡南洋理工大學中華語言文化中心。
28. 林文慶(1940)。混亂之世界。南洋商報
29. 日新報
30. 林文慶(1926)。林文慶先生在中華俱樂部之演說詞（一）。南洋商報
31. 日新報
32. 日新報
33. 梁元生(1995)。宣尼浮海到南洲：儒家思想與早期新加坡華人社會史料彙編。香港:香港中文大學出版社。
34. 梁元生(1988)。宣尼浮海到南洲—十九世紀末新加坡的「儒學運動」。亞洲文化，11，3-13。
35. 陳育崧(1965)。林文慶傳。南洋學報
36. 葉鐘玲(2007)。林文慶是一位反基督教份子？—1896年英華學校傳教事件的探討。亞洲文化，31，132-143。