臺東地區新興地番荔枝果園微氣候特性探討

Study on the Characteristics of Microclimate for a Sugar Apple Orchard at Reclaimed Land of Taitung Area

10.30061/CEB.200903.0003

唐琦(Chi Tang)；張裕山(Yuh-Shan Chang)

臺東 ； 新興地 ； 番荔枝 ； 微氣候 ； Taitung ； Reclaimed land ； Sugar apple ； Microclimate

作物、環境與生物資訊

6卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

27 - 36

繁體中文

本研究自2007年3月1日至2008年2月12日止，於臺東縣臺東市之新興地番荔枝栽植區，擇一面積1.8 ha且地勢平緩之試區(121°4'56”E，22°44'36”N)，利用4 m高度之觀測鐵塔進行氣溫、相對濕度、地溫、風速、風向、淨輻射量及地中傳導熱量等微氣象觀測，並經比較分析藉以探討臺東地區新興地番荔枝果園之微氣候特性，初步獲致結果如後。新興地番荔枝果園內之氣溫與相對濕度多維持於20℃及68%以上，然遇寒潮過境初期未引發降雨時，則氣溫與相對濕度均呈驟降趨勢。其間氣流之風速低於4.6 m s^(-1)及風向介於東北至西南，而當番荔枝果園之淨輻射量約大於0.2 MJ m^(-2)時，其近地表土層始能吸收熱量，且當增加番荔枝果園近地表土層內水分含量將有利於地溫維持於15℃以上，此能防護果樹免於寒害。

This study was performed to observe the characteristics of microclimate for a sugar apple orchard at a reclaimed land of Taitung area. The selected sugar apple orchard (22°44'36” N, 121°4'56” E) had a size of 1.8 ha and was located at suburb of Taitung City, Taitung Hsien, Taiwan, within a gradual topography. The factors of micrometeorological observations included air temperature, relative humidity, earth temperature, wind direction, wind speed, net radiation and soil heat flux, and were measured using a tower of 4 m in height from March 1,2007 to February 12,2008. The preliminary results are summarized as follows. Air temperature and relative humidity were usually greater than 20℃ and 68%, but there was a decreasing tendency under cold wave with no rain. The daily mean wind speed was less than 4.6 m s^(-1) and the prevailing wind direction was in the directions of NE-SW. The topsoil layer of sugar apple orchard could absorb heat flux when net radiation was grater than 0.2 MJ m^(-2). Irrigation could increase soil moisture and resulted in an increase of earth temperature to more than 15℃, and the mitigation of cold damage for sugar apple orchard could be achieved under such condition.