以潛勢能蒸發散量估計臺灣各農業研究場域的區域環境供需水量

Estimation of Regional Environmental Water Supply and Demand in Taiwan Agricultural Research Stations Using Potential Energy Evapotranspiration

10.30061/CEB.202312_19.0002

李可雅(Ko-Ya Lee)；陳虹諺(Hungyen Chen)

潛勢能蒸發散量 ； 降雨量 ； 分群分析 ； 主成分分析 ； 相關分析 ； Reference evapotranspiration ； Rainfall ； Clustering analysis ； Principal component analysis ； Correlation analysis

作物、環境與生物資訊

19卷（2023 / 12 / 31）

11 - 33

繁體中文;英文

水對於人、動物、植物和微生物是重要的角色。在農業方面，農業生產時，水的最佳利用是個重要的議題。然而，氣候的變化、人口的增長和經濟的發展，可能對於各個地區未來農業用水的可用性，產生影響。此時，作物生產用水的考量中，滿足作物在水方面基本需求，便成為重要的課題。在臺灣，遇到的問題在於時間和空間上降雨分佈不均，導致的作物用水需求方面的滿足，產生問題。此時，透過灌溉工程常使用的潛勢能蒸發散量（reference evapotranspiration, ET^0），估計作物用水需求，將有助於滿足作物用水方面的需求。本研究使用2000年01月至2021年12月，臺灣16個農業氣象站的氣象資料，用以了解各農業氣象站該環境下水分供給與需求的情況，考量降雨量（mm day^(-1)）、區域環境供需水量（mm day^(-1)）以及ET^0（mm day^(-1)），探討在時間趨勢方面，各項數值於月份上的趨勢，以及在各農業氣象站方面，彼此之間的相似之處。當中使用區域環境供需水量（mm day^(-1)）及ET^0（mm day^(-1)），進行分群分析、主成分分析，並且分別與經度（°）、緯度（°）、海拔高度（m）之相關分析，獲得相似及相異的農業氣象站。期望本研究能有助於了解臺灣農業氣象站水分供給與需求的情況，獲得水分於時間上的趨勢以及空間上相似之處。由於本篇研究尚未將特定作物納入考慮，未來可以進一步對於臺灣常使用的作物，進行該作物種植環境在水分供給與需求方面的探討。

Water plays an important role for humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. In agriculture, the optimal usage of water is an important issue in agricultural production. However, climate change, population growth and economic development may have an impact on the future availability of agricultural water in different regions. At this time, the water used for crop production to satisfy the basic water needs of crops has become an important topic. In Taiwan, uneven time and space distribution of rainfall cause problems in terms of crop water requirements. Reference evapotranspiration (ET^0) which is often used in irrigation projects, is used to estimate crop water requirements and helps to satisfy the basic water needs of crops. In this study, we use the meteorological data of 16 agricultural meteorological stations in Taiwan from January 2000 to December 2021, to understand the water supply and demand of each agricultural meteorological station in this environment. We take the rainfall (mm day^(-1)), regional environmental water supply and demand (mm day^(-1)), and ET^0 (mm day^(-1)) into consideration. Discuss for the time tendency, the monthly trend of value obtained, and for the similarities between agricultural meteorological stations, using regional environmental water supply and demand (mm day^(-1)) and ET^0 (mm day^(-1)), conduct clustering analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis with longitude (°), latitude (°), altitude (m) respectively, to obtain the similarity and difference between agricultural meteorological stations. It is hoped that this study can help to understand the condition of water supply and demand of Taiwan's agricultural meteorological stations, and get the time tendency and spatial similarity of water. Because this study has not considered specific crops, in the future, we can move forward and discuss the water supply and demand of the crop planting environment for the crops commonly used in Taiwan.