數個台灣栽培稻的基因體與形態體初步分析

Studies on Genomics and Phenomics by Using Cultivars and Landraces in Taiwan Rice Germplasm

10.30061/CEB.202312_19.0007

曾尹姿(Yi-Tzu Tseng)；吳正杰(Cheng-Cheih Wu)；李世豪(Shih-Hao Li)；吳文欽(Wen-Chin Wu)；黃佳興(Chia-Hsing Huang)；張素貞(Su-Jein Chang)；羅正宗(Jeng-Chun Lo)；宣大平(Dah-Pyng Shung)；賴明信(Ming-Hsin Lai)；侯藹玲(Ai-Ling Hou)；邢禹依(Yue-Ie C. Hsing)

水稻 ； 全基因體定序分析 ； 秈稉鑑別 ； 形態體分析 ； 落粒性分析 ； 抽穗期基因分析 ； 稻穀外觀分析 ； Rice ； Whole genome sequencing ； Indica and japonica identification ； Morphological analysis ； Heading date-related gene analysis ； Shattering analysis ； Seed appearance analysis

作物、環境與生物資訊

19卷（2023 / 12 / 31）

85 - 101

繁體中文;英文

水稻是世界主要的糧食作物之一，也是人類每日熱量主要來源；就終端應用來說，水稻是世界糧食作物中「人類食用」比例最高的主食，因此這個作物與人類的生活連結非常深遠。從日據時代早期，育種家開始收集台灣各地的稻種原，並系統性地調查與保存，這項保存工作現在由國家作物種原中心負責執行。本試驗選取30個稻品種／系（包含原住民部落採集的陸稻地方品系、明清時期傳入台灣的秈稻地方品系、現代栽培品種及少數外國品種／系），利用全基因體定序結果進行親緣關係樹及基因體結構分析，並結合田間農藝性狀觀測資料。將所選定之稻品種／系區分出秈、稉屬性，探究遺傳背景之關係及性狀間的正、負相關性，並分析感應日長的基因型及地點、期作之間交感所造成的抽穗天數差異；最後，以落粒性分析結果與穀粒外觀資料描述台灣水稻育種多元化策略相符合之育種脈絡。分析結果說明所選定之台灣稻品種／系具有足夠的遺傳變異量，也說明了如此豐富變異的遺傳背景基因庫充分奠定了台灣水稻品種選育的基石。

Rice is one of the world's major crops and an essential resource of daily calories for humans. In terms of end-use applications, rice is the staple crop with the highest proportion of "human consumption", thus the connection between this crop and humans must be very profound. Since the early Japanese colonial era at the end of the 19^(th) century, breeders began the collection of rice seed stocks from all over Taiwan, and later on preserved these seed stocks in the National Plant Genetic Resources Center. In the present study, 30 rice accessions were selected, including upland rice landraces collected from indigenous villages, landraces of indica rice introduced to Taiwan in the late Ming Dynasty, modern cultivars and few foreign landraces and varieties. Phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis and population structure were performed by using whole genome sequencing information. Combining the field agronomic traits, yield records, heading date records and Hd1 genotypes, we revealed the genetic diversity in these accessions. The positive and negative correlations among agronomic traits were also examined. Finally, the results of grain shattering analysis and descripttions of grain appearance showed a breeding trend consistent with the rice breeding strategy in Taiwan. Our results demonstrated that the selected rice accessions from Taiwan showed sufficient genetic diversity, and this diverse genetic background may lay the foundation for rice breeding.