從心理空間理論來分析華語的臨時量詞

An Analysis of Chinese Temporary Measure Words from the Perspective of Mental Space Theory

林建宏(Chien-Hung Lin)；張榮興(Jung-Hsing Chang)

臨時量詞 ； 分類詞 ； 心理空間理論 ； 語意 ； temporary measure words ； classifiers ； mental space theory ； semantics

華語文教學研究

10卷4期（2013 / 12 / 01）

81 - 108

繁體中文

華語的「臨時量詞」（如：一「葉」舟或一「瓣」玫瑰）在文獻中常稱之為分類詞或量詞。本文根據臨時量詞和名詞之間的語意關係，將臨時量詞分為六種，從心理空間理論（Fauconnier 1994, 1997; Fauconnier & Tumer 2002）來探討臨時量詞和所修飾的名詞之間的語意融合現象。我們研究發現華語的臨時量詞在事物的概念和描述的角度上扮演著重要的角色，對篇章也能起連貫的功能，將上下文相關的詞彙串連起來。這兩個發現都是過去的研究還沒有注意到的。

The Chinese temporary measure words such as ye 'leaf' as in yi ye zhou (一葉舟) 'a leaf of boat' or ban 'petal' as in yi ban meigui (一瓣玫瑰) 'a petal of rose' are sometimes called classifiers or measure words in the literature of Chinese linguistics. This paper discusses six types of temporary measure words in Chinese according to the relations between the temporary measure words and the nouns they modify, and aims to explain the meaning interaction of temporary measure words with the nouns they modify, within the framework of Mental Space Theory (Fauconnier 1994, 1997; Fauconnier & Turner 2002). The result of this research has shown that Chinese temporary measure words play an important role in providing alternative ways of conceptualizing and describing a scene, and that the blended meanings of the temporary measure words with the nouns also play an important role in the coherence of discourse, showing a high degree of connectedness with other lexical items in contexts. These two findings have been rarely noticed in the previous research of Chinese temporary measure words.

1. Zhang, Niina Ning(2011).The constituency of classifier constructions in Mandarin Chinese.Taiwan Journal of Linguistics,9(1),1-50.
   連結：
2. 張榮興(2012)。從心理空間理論解讀古代「多重來源單一目標投射」篇章中的隱喻。華語文教學研究，9(1)，1-22。
   連結：
3. 張榮興(2008)。篇章中的攝取角度。華語文教學研究，5(2)，47-67。
   連結：
4. Coulson, Seana(2001).Semantic Leaps: Frame Shifting and Conceptual Blending in Meaning Construction.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
5. Fauconnier, Gilles(1994).Mental Spaces: Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Language.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
6. Fauconnier, Gilles(1997).Mappings in Thought and Language.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
7. Fauconnier, Gilles,Turner, Mark(1996).Blending as a central process in grammar.Conceptual Structure, Discourse and Language,Stanford:
8. Fauconnier, Gilles,Turner, Mark(2002).The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities.New York:Basic Books.
9. Her, One-soon(2012).Structure of classifiers and measure words: A lexical functional account.Language and Linguistics,13(6),1211-1251.
10. Her, One-soon(2012).Distinguishing classifiers and measure words: A mathematical perspective and implications.Lingua,122,1668-1691.
11. Her, One-Soon,Hsieh, Chen-Tien(2010).On the semantic distinction between classifiers and measure words in Chinese.Language and Linguistics,11(3),527-551.
12. Hsieh, Miao-ling(2008).The Internal Structure of Noun Phrases in Chinese.Taipei:Crane Publishing.
13. Lakoff, George(1987).Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
14. Patrikis, Peter C.(ed.)(2003).Reading between the Lines: Perspectives on Foreign Language Literacy.New Haven:Yale University Press.
15. Ryder, Mary Ellen(1994).Ordered Chaos: The Interpretation of English Noun-Noun-Compounds.San Diego:University of California Press.
16. Tai, James H-Y.(1994).Chinese classifier systems and human categorization.In Honor of Professor William S-Y. Wang: Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Language Change,Taipei:
17. Tai, James H-Y.,Chao, Fangyi(1994).A semantic study of the classifier zhang.Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association,29(3),67-78.
18. Tai, James H-Y.,Wang, Lianqing(1990).A semantic study of the classifier tiáo.Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,25,35-56.
19. Tang, Chih-chen(2005).Nouns or classifiers: A non-movement analysis of classifiers in Chinese.Language and Linguistics,6(3),431-472.
20. Ungerer, Friedrich,Schmid, Hans-Jorg(2006).An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics.London:Pearson Education.
21. 王文斌、毛智慧(2009)。漢英表量結構中異常搭配的隱喻構建機制。外國語文，25(3)，48-53。
22. 朱德熙(1982)。語法講義。北京=Beijing:商務印書館=Commercial Press。
23. 呂淑相(1999)。現代漢語八百詞。北京=Beijing:商務印書館=Commercial Press。
24. 邵敬敏(1996)。動量詞的語義分析及其與動詞的選擇關係。中國語文，1996(2)，100-109。
25. 邵敬敏(2000)。漢語語法的立體研究。北京=Beijing:商務印書館=Commercial Press。
26. 邵敬敏(1993)。量詞的語義分析及其與名詞的雙向選擇。中國語文，1993(3)，181-184。
27. 張向群(1991)。寫作量詞描寫詞典。陝西=Shanxi:人民教育出版社=Peoples Education Press。
28. 張榮興(2012)。心理空間理論與《莊子》「用」的隱喻。語言暨語言學，13(5)，999-1027。
29. 張榮興、黃惠華(2006)。從心理空間理論看「最短篇」小說中之隱喻。華語文教學研究，3(1)，117-133。
30. 張榮興、黃惠華(2005)。心理空間理論與「梁祝十八相送」之隱喻研究。語言暨語言學，6(4)，681-705。
31. 盛林(2003)。現代漢語的量詞短語與量詞式結構。世界漢語教學，2003(2)，39-42。
32. 郭先珍(2002)。現代漢語量詞用法詞典。北京=Beijing:語文出版社=Yuwen Press。
33. 趙元任(1980)。中國話的文法。臺北=Taipei:臺灣學生書局=Student Book。
34. 劉月華(2001)。實用現代漢語語法。北京=Beijing:商務印書館=Commercial Press。