建置構式成語語料庫輔助華語教學－兼論同型構式和近義構式

Developing a Corpus on Idiomatic Constructions for Chinese Language Teaching and Analyzing Isomorphic and Synonymic Constructions

劉德馨(Te-Hsin LIU)；施孟賢(Meng-Hsien SHIH)

構式成語 ； 構式語法 ； 漢語四字成語 ； 語料庫語言學 ； Chinese four-character idioms ； construction grammar ； corpus linguistics ； idiomatic constructions

華語文教學研究

19卷1期（2022 / 03 / 01）

95 - 121

繁體中文

本研究分析現有的中文四字格構式成語，依構式義分門別類，並標記構式成語的語法功能和提供相關例句。有別於北京大學的現代漢語構式數據庫，此研究建置四字格成語的構式語料庫，深入分析構式成語於語法、語義及語用層面之規律。藉著探討同型構式、近義構式，以及嵌入構式成語的雙字詞和構式成語的語法功能之關聯，探討構式成語的規律性，期望幫助學習者意會成語整體意涵，提高學習之效率。語料庫並建立近義成語之連結，以供華語教師和學習者查閱參考。研究人員更可針對語料庫內之構式成語進行相關研究。例如，語料庫裡有大量的數詞成語，數詞或為實指，或為虛指，其語義和結構之規律、文化上的意涵，皆值得深入探究。

The present research aims to analyze existing idiomatic constructions, classify their semantics, as well as label their syntactic functions. Unlike the Corpus of Modern Chinese Constructions provided by Beijing University, this corpus explores the interrelated syntactic, semantic and pragmatic regularities of Chinese idiomatic constructions. Investigating isomorphic constructions, synonymic constructions and the relationship between the embedded semi -bound morphemes and the syntactic functions of idiomatic constructions, this corpus will help learners better understand the overall meanings of idioms and improve learning efficiency. The link between near synonymic idioms is also provided for pedagogical purposes. Based on the semantics of the idiomatic constructions, researchers can further probe the cultural basis of numeral idioms.

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